| | Explanatory variables | Model 0 aPR (95% CI) | Model 1 aPR (95% CI) | Model 2 aPR (95% CI) | Model 3 aPR (95% CI) |
| | Sex of the household head | | Male | | 1.00 (reference) | | 1.00 (reference) | | Female | | 1.20 (1.06, 1.25) | | 1.18 (1.05, 1.33) |
| | Age of the household head | | | | | | 15–34 years | | 1.00 (reference) | | 1.00 (reference) | | 35–54 years | | 1.88 (1.60, 2.21) | | 1.70 (1.45, 2.00) | | 55 years and above | | 2.62 (2.21, 3.11) | | 2.60 (2.18, 3.10) |
| | Education level of the household head | | | | | | No education/preschool | | 1.00 (reference) | | 1.00 (reference) | | Primary | | 1.14 (0.96, 1.35) | | 1.12 (0.93, 1.36) | | Middle/JSS/JHS | | 1.47 (1.26, 1.70) | | 1.19 (1.01, 1.41) | | Secondary/SSS/SHS | | 2.16 (1.79, 2.59) | | 1.45 (1.20, 1.75) | | Postsecondary | | 3.77 (3.18, 4.48) | | 2.12 (1.74, 2.58) |
| | Marital status of the household head | | | | | | Never married nor lived together | | 1.00 (reference) | | 1.00 (reference) | | Currently married | | 1.61 (1.32, 1.96) | | 1.31 (1.09, 1.56) | | Formerly/ever married | | 1.12 (0.89, 1.41) | | 1.07 (0.87, 1.33) |
| | Sources of drinking water | | Unimproved | | | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | | Improved | | | 0.82 (0.62, 1.09) | 0.82 (0.62, 1.07) |
| | Place of residence | | Rural | | | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | | Urban | | | 0.62 (0.50, 0.77) | 0.63 (0.52, 0.77) |
| | Household size | | 7 members and above | | | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | | 4–6 members | | | 0.77 (0.65, 0.85) | 0.80 (0.70, 0.92) | | 1–3 members | | | 0.48 (0.42, 0.55) | 0.59 (0.51, 0.69) |
| | Household wealth index | | Poorest | | | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | | Poor | | | 1.21 (0.92, 1.59) | 1.19 (0.90, 1.54) | | Middle | | | 1.81 (1.37, 2.34) | 1.77 (1.33, 2.34) | | Richer | | | 3.19 (2.40, 4.25) | 2.90 (2.14, 3.93) | | Richest | | | 9.44 (7.08, 12.61) | 7.33 (5.37, 10.00) | | Intercept (community) | 0.12 (0.11, 0.14) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.04) | 0.10 (0.07, 0.16) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.06) |
| | Random effects | | Observations | 11829 | 11829 | 11829 | 11829 | | Second-level units (community) | 427 | 427 | 427 | 427 | | ICC | 0.35 | 0.31 | 0.26 | 0.25 | | QIC | 10235.76 | 10086.30 | 9511.01 | 9615.39 | | QICu | 10226.42 | 10077.33 | 9460.96 | 9600.36 |
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