Research Article
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene in Some Selected LGAs in Kaduna State, Northwestern Nigeria
| | Feature | Chikun | Kachia | Kajuru | Soba | Zango/k | Total |
| | Evidence of feces around the premises | | Inside the house | 30.3 | 36.1 | 21.9 | 29.8 | 7.8 | 25.1 | | Outside/around the house | 9.7 | 63.2 | 31.5 | 19.1 | 74.1 | 38.6 | | Near the water source | 3.8 | 14.8 | 4.1 | 9.0 | 4.9 | 7.2 |
| | Observations on the feces around the premises | | Infants/young children’s feces | 34.5 | 26.5 | 15.1 | 22.3 | 24.4 | 26.3 | | Adults’ feces | 5.5 | 25.2 | 4.1 | 11.2 | 12.7 | 11.9 | | Cow dung and other animal feces | 15.5 | 63.9 | 56.2 | 24.5 | 68.3 | 42.3 |
| | Type of toilet observed | | Digging, defecating, and burying in soil | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 6.9 | 4.9 | 3.4 | | Traditional pit toilet | 97.5 | 91.0 | 84.9 | 83.0 | 86.8 | 89.5 | | Improved pit toilets | 0.8 | 3.2 | 8.2 | 4.3 | 7.3 | 4.2 | | VIP toilets | 0.0 | 4.5 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 0.0 | 1.6 | | Others | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 1.2 |
| | Features of the toilet in the household (if available) | | Having superstructure | 21.0 | 25.2 | 35.6 | 30.9 | 12.2 | 23.1 | | Safe floor | 8.8 | 72.3 | 74.0 | 45.3 | 16.1 | 35.5 | | Having a slab | 27.3 | 12.3 | 23.3 | 16.0 | 3.4 | 16.1 | | Small enough hole | 17.2 | 55.5 | 58.9 | 35.6 | 28.8 | 34.5 | | Adequate privacy | 18.5 | 28.4 | 60.3 | 30.3 | 14.6 | 25.5 |
| | Location of toilet | | Inside the compound | 48.7 | 29.7 | 52.1 | 75.0 | 18.0 | 44.0 | | Outside the compound | 51.3 | 70.3 | 47.9 | 25.0 | 82.0 | 56.0 |
| | Toilet in current use | | Clear path leading to it | 45.8 | 75.5 | 78.1 | 51.1 | 26.3 | 50.4 | | Being clean | 18.9 | 72.3 | 75.3 | 57.4 | 16.6 | 41.2 | | Being reasonably free of smell | 9.7 | 38.1 | 64.4 | 30.9 | 6.8 | 23.4 | | Being reasonably free of flies | 9.2 | 41.3 | 58.9 | 24.5 | 6.8 | 22.0 | | Cleansing materials | 2.5 | 63.9 | 42.5 | 18.1 | 2.9 | 20.5 | | Presence of water in the vicinity | 1.3 | 48.4 | 39.7 | 22.9 | 2.9 | 18.2 | | Presence of ash in the vicinity | 0.8 | 28.4 | 46.6 | 13.8 | 1.5 | 12.7 | | Any other evidence of use | 8.8 | 41.3 | 43.8 | 18.6 | 3.4 | 18.5 |
| | Presence of hand washing facility | | Next to the toilet | 2.1 | 45.2 | 19.2 | 33.5 | 3.9 | 18.6 | | Within walking distance | 0.4 | 30.3 | 15.1 | 16.5 | 4.4 | 11.5 | | Inside the house | 0.4 | 29.0 | 30.1 | 21.8 | 37.6 | 21.7 |
| | Observing the presence of the following | | Storage container | 22.7 | 26.5 | 32.9 | 41.5 | 46.8 | 34.1 | | Separate bowl/cup to fetch water | 5.0 | 19.4 | 34.2 | 43.1 | 43.9 | 27.7 |
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