Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene in Some Selected LGAs in Kaduna State, Northwestern Nigeria

Table 3

Sources of water for drinking and other domestic purposes (expressed as %).

Feature	Chikun	Kachia	Kajuru	Soba	Zango/K	Total
Sources of water for households
Motorized borehole	0.4	0.0	0.2	2.1	0.0	0.8
Hand pump borehole	0.4	1.9	45.2	21.8	5.4	10.4
Protected dug well with hand pump	2.5	0.0	6.8	2.1	0.0	1.7
Protected hand dug well	39.5	2.6	61.6	69.1	18.5	36.2
Unprotected hand dug well	49.6	92.9	11.0	21.3	36.6	44.8
Developed spring	1.3	0.6	0.0	0.5	0.5	0.7
Undeveloped spring	14.3	1.3	0.0	1.1	2.0	4.9
Rain water harvesting	26.0	85.8	17.8	36.2	63.9	54.2
Bottled water	0.0	1.3	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.3
Sachet (pure) water	0.0	0.6	2.7	5.3	0.5	1.6
Tanker water vendor	0.4	5.2	0.0	2.1	0.5	1.6
Truck water vendors	0.4	78.7	0.0	26.1	0.5	20.1
Surface water (river/pond/lake)	37.4	89.0	30.1	3.7	95.1	52.5
Others	0.0	1.3	0.0	1.6	0.5	0.7
Main source of drinking water during dry season
Motorized borehole	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.6	0.0	0.3
Hand pump borehole	0.4	0.6	45.2	20.7	2.0	9.1
Protected dug well with hand pump	1.3	0.0	11.0	2.7	0.5	2.0
Protected hand dug well	35.7	2.6	39.7	68.1	12.7	31.7
Unprotected hand dug well	34.0	91.6	11.0	16.0	24.4	36.2
Developed spring	0.8	0.0	1.4	0.0	0.5	0.5
Undeveloped spring	12.2	0.0	2.7	0.5	0.5	3.8
Rain water harvesting	8.8	20.0	2.7	12.8	6.8	10.7
Bottled water	0.4	1.3	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.5
Sachet (pure) water	0.4	9.7	1.4	5.3	1.0	3.4
Tanker water vendor	0.4	30.3	0.0	4.3	1.0	6.8
Truck water vendors	1.3	60.6	0.0	31.4	0.0	18.2
Surface water (river/pond/lake)	35.7	89.7	21.9	3.7	97.1	51.9
Others	0.0	0.6	0.0	3.7	0.0	0.9
Main source of drinking water during wet season
Motorized borehole	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.6	0.0	0.3
Hand pump borehole	0.0	1.3	34.2	12.2	5.4	7.1
Protected dug well with hand pump	1.7	0.0	4.1	2.7	0.0	1.4
Protected hand dug well	13.4	2.6	60.3	62.8	13.2	26.2
Unprotected hand dug well	36.6	92.3	6.8	9.6	34.6	37.7
Developed spring	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.1
Undeveloped spring	3.4	1.9	0.0	0.5	0.5	1.5
Rain water harvesting	72.7	87.7	42.5	55.3	85.9	72.2
Bottled water	1.7	1.3	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.8
Sachet (pure) water	0.4	1.9	0.0	1.1	0.0	0.7
Tanker water vendor	0.0	0.6	0.01.6	1.6	0.5	0.6
Truck water vendors	0.0	13.5	0.0	27.7	1.0	8.7
Surface water (river/pond/lake)	13.4	14.8	13.7	0.5	83.9	27.7
Others	0.0	0.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1
Main source of water for other domestic purposes
Motorized borehole	0.0	0.6	2.7	1.6	0.0	0.7
Hand pump borehole	0.0	1.3	37.0	13.8	6.3	7.9
Protected dug well with hand pump	2.5	0.0	0.0	2.1	0.0	1.2
Protected hand dug well	36.6	3.9	64.4	67.6	16.1	34.9
Unprotected hand dug well	44.5	85.2	8.2	16.0	30.2	39.1
Developed spring	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1
Undeveloped spring	13.9	0.6	0.0	1.1	1.0	4.4
Rain water harvesting	52.5	70.3	11.0	21.3	42.0	42.8
Tanker water vendor	0.4	1.3	0.0	1.6	0.0	0.7
Truck water vendors	0.0	69.0	0.0	26.6	1.0	18.5
Surface water (river/pond/lake)	30.3	79.4	23.3	3.7	93.7	47.8
Others	0.0	1.3	0.0	1.6	0.5	0.7