Prevalence and Phenotypic and Genotypic Resistance Mechanisms of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Clinical, Environmental, and Poultry Litter Samples from the Ashanti Region of Ghana

Table 3

Prevalence of β-lactamase enzymes in MDR P. aeruginosa (n = 38).

Type of β-lactamase	Number of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates
	n (%)	CIP	LEV	MEM	IPM	CN	TIC	PIP	TIM	FEP	CAZ	ATM
No β-lactamase	2 (5.3%)	2		1	1	1	2	1	1	1	2	O
Only ESBL	13 (34.2%)	13	7	1	1	13	10	3	5	5	3	4
Only MBL	2 (5.3%)	1				2	1					2
Only AmpC	2 (5.3%)	2		1		1	1	1		1		2
ESBL + MBL	11 (28.9%)	8	5	1	2	8	10	2	3		1	2
ESBL + AmpC	17 (44.7%)	15	6	2	4	16	14	3	4	3	3	4
MBL + AmpC	8 (21.1%)	8	4	1	1	8	9	2	2		1	1
ESBL + MBL + AmpC	9 (23.7%)	8	5	1	2	8	9	2	2		1	1

CIP: ciprofloxacin; LEV: levofloxacin; MEM: meropenem; IPM: imipenem; CN: gentamycin; TIC: ticarcillin; TIM: ticarcillin/clavulanic acid; FEP: cefepime; ATM: aztreonam; CAZ: ceftazidime; PIP: piperacillin; N: number of multidrug-resistant isolates; ESBL: extended spectrum β-lactamase; MBL: metallo-β-lactamase; AmpC: cephalosporinase.