Alternative Water Resources Selection to Supply Drinking Water in Flood Disasters by Multicriteria Decision-Making Techniques (DANP and VIKOR)

Table 1

Main criteria and subcriteria, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of water resources, and the weight of each subcriterion in flood.

Main criteria	Subcriteria	Qualitative/quantitative	Unit	Aspect	Effluent	Sea	Air humidity	Sarkhoon plain	Weight
Environmental factors	Toxicity of by-products	Qualitative	—	Negative	7	7	1	3	0.032
	Health compatibility	Qualitative	—	Positive	5	5	6	6	0.0413
	Community acceptance	Qualitative	—	Positive	3	6	6	6	0.0397
Economic factors	Equipment cost	Qualitative	—	Negative	8	8	7	2	0.0295
	Construction cost	Qualitative	—	Negative	8	7	6	3	0.0295
	Operating and maintenance costs	Qualitative	—	Negative	9	8	7	3	0.0293
	Material cost	Qualitative	—	Negative	9	7	6	3	0.0289
Regional geographical factors	Humidity	Qualitative	—	Positive	3	1	9	6	0.0001
	Population density	Qualitative	—	Negative	5	2	2	6	0.0492
	Annual rainfall	Qualitative	—	Positive	6	2	7	8	0.0001
	Land use	Qualitative	—	Negative	7	4	3	7	0.0001
	Region climate	Qualitative	—	Negative	4	5	8	6	0.0001
General characteristics of water treatment system	Ease of deployment	Qualitative	—	Positive	2	3	4	5	0.0311
	Complexity level	Qualitative	—	Negative	9	7	7	4	0.0327
	Ease of use	Qualitative	—	Positive	1	4	4	6	0.0319
	Supply chain needs	Qualitative	—	Negative	9	7	6	3	0.0321
Technical characteristics of water treatment systems	Production capacity	Quantitative	m^3/d	Positive	10 [29]	10000 [35]	40 [36]	3000 [37]	0.0237
	Energy consumption	Quantitative	Kw/m^3	Negative	224.39 [26]	8 [37]	292 [36]	0.0682 [37]	0.0233
	Heavy metals removal	Quantitative	%	Positive	95 [29]	90 [37]	0 [36]	0 [29]	0.0147
	Performance efficiency	Qualitative	—	Positive	7	6	6	4	0.0232
	Operation and maintenance	Qualitative	—	Negative	9	8	7	4	0.0227
	Technical maturity	Qualitative	—	Positive	1	5	5	7	0.0219
General characteristics of water resources	Distance to residential areas	Quantitative	km	Negative	1 [29]	1 [29]	0.00001 [29]	30 [29]	0.0095
	Distance to pollutant sources	Quantitative	km	Positive	15 [29]	15 [29]	15 [29]	10 [29]	0.0095
	Water source capacity	Quantitative	m^3/d	Positive	67815 [29]	1000000 [38]	221392 [39]	4928000 [34]	0.0086
	Treatment degree	Qualitative	—	Negative	9	7	4	4	0.0833
	Easy access to roads	Qualitative	—	Positive	6	6	8	5	0.0063
Nontoxic chemicals of water sources	Nitrate	Quantitative	mg/l	Negative	7.67 [29]	0.0182 [40]	0.06 [36]	19.7 [41]	0.0202
	Total hardness	Quantitative	mg/l	Negative	344.55 [29]	4975.79 [35]	38.81 [42]	389.6 [41]	0.0194
	Sodium	Quantitative	mg/l	Negative	6.45 [29]	9715 [41]	0.069 [43]	115.2 [41]	0.0153
	Chloride	Quantitative	mg/l	Negative	118 [29]	20109.5 [35]	3.5 [36]	156 [41]	0.0153
	Sulfate	Quantitative	mg/l	Negative	261.3 [29]	2491.4 [35]	0.1 [43]	248 [41]	0.0153
	Calcium	Quantitative	mg/l	Negative	33.9 [29]	416 [44]	0.176 [43]	93.9 [41]	0.0153
	Magnesium	Quantitative	mg/l	Negative	31 [29]	1581 [44]	0.0355 [43]	37.2 [41]	0.0153
Toxic chemicals of water sources	Mercury	Quantitative	mg/l	Negative	0.0001 [29]	0.011 [38]	0.001 [43]	0.0001 [41]	0.0283
	Lead	Quantitative	mg/l	Negative	0.133 [29]	10.36 [38]	0.001 [43]	0.003 [41]	0.0283
	Chrome	Quantitative	mg/l	Negative	0.012 [29]	98.8 [38]	0.001 [43]	0.00001 [41]	0.0283
	Cadmium	Quantitative	mg/l	Negative	0.0054 [29]	0.17 [38]	0.001 [43]	0.009 [41]	0.0283
Physical and biological characteristics of water resources	pH	Quantitative	—	Negative	7.38 [29]	8.1 [40]	6.81 [42]	7.6 [41]	0.0188
	Turbidity	Quantitative	NTU	Negative	40.7 [29]	70.7 [40]	2.4 [42]	0.46 [41]	0.0178
	TDS	Quantitative	mg/l	Negative	1687.1 [29]	43400 [40]	31.7 [42]	778.8 [41]	0.0207
	Electrical conductivity	Quantitative	µm/cm	Negative	5970 [29]	57000 [40]	42.54 [42]	1298 [41]	0.0207
	Total coliform	Quantitative	MPN	Negative	1220 [29]	2393.45 [29]	16.5 [42]	10 [41]	0.0192
	Fecal coliforms	Quantitative	MPN	Negative	430 [29]	800.4 [29]	6.03 [42]	4 [41]	0.0192