Effects of Long-Term Regular Continuous and Intermittent Walking on Oxidative Stress, Metabolic Profile, Heart Rate Variability, and Blood Pressure in Older Adults with Hypertension

Table 3

Heart rate, heart rate variability, and blood pressure of participants before and after the exercise program.

	CON group (n = 22)		INT group (n = 21)		p value
	Before	After	Before	After
HR (beats/min)	63.08 ± 8.87	63.91 ± 9.38	63.83 ± 5.92	60.44 ± 6.38^#	0.014^#
SDNN (ms)	47.41 ± 21.54	36.58 ± 15.40	47.96 ± 34.84	49.85 ± 26.70^#	0.016^#
RMSSD (ms)	49.60 ± 37.05	34.02 ± 24.97	47.08 ± 59.92	51.59 ± 44.77^#	0.018^#
TP (ms^2)	2579.75 ± 2405.32	1577.64 ± 1710.37	3233.71 ± 6002.76	2891.53 ± 3578.45	0.086
VLF power (ms^2)	1218.70 ± 1487.64	765.12 ± 685.81	1038.63 ± 780.51	943.27 ± 863.62	0.358
LF power (ms^2)	256.73 ± 289.64	204.92 ± 204.83	524.56 ± 836.79	442.87 ± 600.78	0.237
LFnu power	28.91 ± 18.16	37.20 ± 20.52	41.97 ± 16.65	30.55 ± 13.46^#	0.043^#
HF power (ms^2)	787.38 ± 806.58	481.68 ± 993.05	1046.87 ± 2586.93	1135.71 ± 2138.87	0.081
HFnu power	55.43 ± 15.60	48.81 ± 16.94	47.45 ± 9.83	54.92 ± 13.27	0.103
LF/HF ratio	0.65 ± 0.63	1.21 ± 1.68	0.94 ± 0.51	0.67 ± 0.48	0.160
SBP (mmHg)	127.50 ± 15.35	125.82 ± 12.28	129.97 ± 14.84	125.79 ± 15.03	0.626
DBP (mmHg)	76.79 ± 8.42	76.27 ± 6.71	74.87 ± 7.00	74.11 ± 7.38	0.550
PP (mmHg)	50.71 ± 12.20	49.55 ± 11.22	55.10 ± 11.06	51.68 ± 11.94	0.646
MAP (mmHg)	93.69 ± 9.63	92.79 ± 7.23	93.24 ± 8.89	91.34 ± 8.94	0.531
RPP (mmHgbpm)	8058.96 ± 1609.64	8058.35 ± 1499.66	8250.85 ± 827.37	7580.20 ± 1043.28^#	0.049^#

Data are mean ± SD. CON, continuous walking; INT, intermittent walking; HR, heart rate; SDNN, standard deviation of the NN intervals; RMSSD, root mean square of successive differences; TP, total power; VLF, very low frequency; LF, low frequency; HF, high frequency; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PP, pulse pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; RPP, rate-pressure product. , significantly different from before exercise program (two-way ANOVA). , significantly different from CON group (two-way ANOVA).