Impact of the Built Environment on Residents’ Health: Evidence from the China Labor Dynamics Survey in 2016
Table 2
Overall effects of the built environment on residents’ health.
Variables
Model 1
Model 2
Model 3
Model 4
Urban population density
1.0208 (0.4237)
1.1341 (0.4182)
1.1773 (0.4256)
Urban scale
0.0001 (0.0001)
0.0001 (0.0001)
0.0001 (0.0001)
Road area ratio
0.0310 (0.0056)
0.0340 (0.0069)
0.0345 (0.0069)
Bus accessibility
0.0029 (0.0025)
0.0023 (0.0019)
0.0018 (0.0018)
Green coverage ratio
0.0012 (0.0007)
0.0012 (0.0007)
0.0013 (0.0007)
Land use mixture
0.7730 (0.7891)
0.6119 (0.7780)
0.4595 (0.7828)
Rail traffic
−0.0221 (0.1115)
−0.0735 (0.1007)
−0.0783 (0.0980)
Community population density
0–0.1
−0.1019 (0.1143)
−0.3132 (0.0973)
−0.3001 (0.0983)
0.1–0.5
−0.1002 (0.0953)
−0.1850 (0.1040)
−0.1815 (0.1026)
0.5–1
−0.2157 (0.1069)
−0.2428 (0.1015)
−0.2305 (0.1012)
1–1.5
−0.0329 (0.1702)
−0.1298 (0.1463)
−0.1264 (0.1475)
1.5–2
−0.1974 (0.0985)
−0.2256 (0.1017)
−0.2217 (0.1021)
2–2.5
−0.1845 (0.1061)
−0.2417 (0.0973)
−0.2630 (0.0967)
>2.5
Diversity
−0.0289 (0.0237)
−0.0194 (0.0209)
−0.0194 (0.0204)
Green coverage ratio
0.2577 (0.1394)
0.2324 (0.1279)
0.2113 (0.1284)
Environmental pollution
−0.0258 (0.0334)
−0.0094 (0.0318)
−0.0055 (0.0327)
Gender
−0.0488 (0.0309)
−0.0396 (0.0312)
−0.0477 (0.0314)
−0.0440 (0.0402)
Age
−0.0517 (0.0101)
−0.0523
−0.0525 (0.0102)
−0.0525 (0.0102)
(0.0104)
Age square
0.0003 (0.0001)
0.0003 (0.0001)
0.0003 (0.0001)
0.0003 (0.0001)
Marital status
0.2613 (0.0567)
0.2921 (0.0577)
0.2737 (0.0573)
0.2518 (0.0571)
Social insurance participation
−0.1202 (0.0720)
−0.1134 (0.0695)
−0.1021 (0.0691)
−0.1085 (0.0690)
Highest degree
0.0790 (0.0154)
0.0709 (0.0159)
0.0752 (0.0149)
0.0639 (0.0144)
Household income per capita
4.04 × 10−8 (1.17 × 10−8)
3.51 × 10−8 (1.15 × 10−8)
3.95 × 10−8 (1.15 × 10−8)
3.89 × 10−8 (9.40 × 10−9)
History of smoking
0.0057 (0.0507)
History of alcohol intake
−0.0354 (0.0457)
Car ownership
−0.1336 (0.0404)
Motorcycle ownership
0.0604 (0.0453)
N
4641
4641
4641
4641
Pseudolikelihood
−5614.798
−5647.9803
−5595.2479
−5586.2991
Note. ,, and show the test conducted at the significance level of 1%, 5%, and 10%, respectively, and in brackets is the clustering robust standard error.