Research Article

Impact of the Built Environment on Residents’ Health: Evidence from the China Labor Dynamics Survey in 2016

Table 2

Overall effects of the built environment on residents’ health.

VariablesModel 1Model 2Model 3Model 4

Urban population density1.0208 (0.4237)1.1341 (0.4182)1.1773 (0.4256)
Urban scale0.0001 (0.0001)0.0001 (0.0001)0.0001 (0.0001)
Road area ratio0.0310 (0.0056)0.0340 (0.0069)0.0345 (0.0069)
Bus accessibility0.0029 (0.0025)0.0023 (0.0019)0.0018 (0.0018)
Green coverage ratio0.0012 (0.0007)0.0012 (0.0007)0.0013 (0.0007)
Land use mixture0.7730 (0.7891)0.6119 (0.7780)0.4595 (0.7828)
Rail traffic−0.0221 (0.1115)−0.0735 (0.1007)−0.0783 (0.0980)
Community population density
 0–0.1−0.1019 (0.1143)−0.3132 (0.0973)−0.3001 (0.0983)
 0.1–0.5−0.1002 (0.0953)−0.1850 (0.1040)−0.1815 (0.1026)
 0.5–1−0.2157 (0.1069)−0.2428 (0.1015)−0.2305 (0.1012)
 1–1.5−0.0329 (0.1702)−0.1298 (0.1463)−0.1264 (0.1475)
 1.5–2−0.1974 (0.0985)−0.2256 (0.1017)−0.2217 (0.1021)
 2–2.5−0.1845 (0.1061)−0.2417 (0.0973)−0.2630 (0.0967)
 >2.5
Diversity−0.0289 (0.0237)−0.0194 (0.0209)−0.0194 (0.0204)
Green coverage ratio0.2577 (0.1394)0.2324 (0.1279)0.2113 (0.1284)
Environmental pollution−0.0258 (0.0334)−0.0094 (0.0318)−0.0055 (0.0327)
Gender−0.0488 (0.0309)−0.0396 (0.0312)−0.0477 (0.0314)−0.0440 (0.0402)
Age−0.0517 (0.0101)−0.0523−0.0525 (0.0102)−0.0525 (0.0102)
(0.0104)
Age square0.0003 (0.0001)0.0003 (0.0001)0.0003 (0.0001)0.0003 (0.0001)
Marital status0.2613 (0.0567)0.2921 (0.0577)0.2737 (0.0573)0.2518 (0.0571)
Social insurance participation−0.1202 (0.0720)−0.1134 (0.0695)−0.1021 (0.0691)−0.1085 (0.0690)
Highest degree0.0790 (0.0154)0.0709 (0.0159)0.0752 (0.0149)0.0639 (0.0144)
Household income per capita4.04 × 10−8 (1.17 × 10−8)3.51 × 10−8 (1.15 × 10−8)3.95 × 10−8 (1.15 × 10−8)3.89 × 10−8 (9.40 × 10−9)
History of smoking0.0057 (0.0507)
History of alcohol intake−0.0354 (0.0457)
Car ownership−0.1336 (0.0404)
Motorcycle ownership0.0604 (0.0453)
N4641464146414641
Pseudolikelihood−5614.798−5647.9803−5595.2479−5586.2991

Note. , , and show the test conducted at the significance level of 1%, 5%, and 10%, respectively, and in brackets is the clustering robust standard error.