Review Article

Modification of Food Systems by Ultrasound

Table 3

Application of ultrasound in meat for various purposes.

MeatEffectConditionsReferences

Beef
(longissimus and pectoralis)
Ultrasound-assisted cooking for improving cooking time, moisture retention capacity, and energy efficiency20 kHz, 1,000 WPohlman et al. [53]
Pork
(longissimus dorsi)
Influence of ultrasound on the mass transfer process during meat brining depended on the intensity applied20 kHz, 450 WCárcel et al. [66]
Pork
(longissimus dorsi)
Ultrasound-assisted meat curing obtained better distribution of the brine, reduced water loss, and caused favourable microstructural changes in meat tissue20 kHz, 2–4 W cm−2Siró et al. [57]
Pork
(longissimus thoracis and lumborum)
Ultrasound-assisted meat curing for accelerating the mass transfer achieves a 50% reduction in processing times with no adverse effects on quality in the production of wet-cured cooked hams20 kHz, 4.2, 11, or 19 W cm−2, 10, 25, or 40 min 1 W cm−2McDonnell et al. [64]
Chicken breastDye (methylene blue) penetration is an indication of meat permeability when using ultrasound and so it is estimate of marinating of meat40 kHz, 22 W cm−2, 15 and 30 minLeal-Ramos et al. [63]
Hen breastUltrasound-assisted marination for improvement of meat tenderness, improvement efficiency, and cooking yield24 kHz, 12 W cm−2, 4 minXiong et al. [23]
PorkThe NaCl and moisture effective diffusivities were improved and promoted changes in meat texture40 kHz, 37.5 W dm−3 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minOzuna et al. [65]
Pork
(longissimus dorsi)
Improving the diffusion of sodium chloride20 kHz, 2–4 W cm−2Siró et al. [57]