Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) and Quince (Cydonia oblonga L.) Juices and Their By-Products as Ingredients Showing Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties for Chewing Candy: Nutraceutical Formulations
Table 4
Total phenolic compounds (TPC) content and antioxidant activity of gummy candies.
GC
TPC content, RE mg·100·g−1
Antioxidant activity, %
A
AC
47.1 ± 3.1a
12.4 ± 1.9a
A + Bu J
153.5 ± 6.4f
28.6 ± 1.7c
A + Bu BP
194.3 ± 7.2i
35.2 ± 2.8f
A + Qu J
109.6 ± 4.3d
41.8 ± 3.4g
A + Qu BP
162.1 ± 4.7g
57.5 ± 3.1i
A + Bu BP + Xy
186.1 ± 4.5i
36.4 ± 1.8f
G
GC
68.3 ± 3.4b
12.4 ± 0.7a
G + Bu J
149.4 ± 5.6e
24.2 ± 1.6b
G + Bu BP
178.2 ± 7.0h
31.6 ± 2.3d
G + Qu J
98.7 ± 4.3c
37.3 ± 2.9f
G + Qu BP
143.5 ± 6.2e
52.8 ± 3.4h
G + Qu J + Xy
100.3 ± 3.9c
34.1 ± 1.6e
Influence of different texture-forming agents (A or G), different plants (Bu or Qu), and J or BP of plants on gummy candy parameters
Source
Dependent variable
Mean square
F
A or G
TPC content
45.679
1.565
0.225
Antioxidant activity
65.473
10.259
0.004
Bu or Qu
TPC content
9780.844
335.144
0.0001
Antioxidant activity
1827.015
286.276
0.0001
J or C
TPC content
10445.854
357.931
0.0001
Antioxidant activity
766.140
120.047
0.0001
A or G × Bu or Qu
TPC content
32.434
1.111
0.304
Antioxidant activity
0.540
0.085
0.774
A or G × J or C
TPC content
145.534
4.987
0.037
Antioxidant activity
0.135
0.021
0.886
Bu or Qu × J or C
TPC content
287.734
9.859
0.005
Antioxidant activity
110.940
17.383
0.0001
A or G × Bu or Qu × J or C
TPC content
6.934
0.238
0.631
Antioxidant activity
0.375
0.059
0.811
GC: gummy candies; A: agar; C: control; G: gelatin; J: juice; BP: juice by-products; Bu: sea buckthorn; Qu: quince; TPC: total phenolic compounds; RE: rutin equivalents. L: lightness; a: redness (−a: greenness); b: yellowness (−b: blueness). Data are represented as means () ± SD. a–iMean values with different letters are significantly different when .
