Determination of 4-Methylimidazole in Ammonia Caramel Using Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS)

Table 1

Selected gas chromatographic methods used after extraction step, for the determination of 4-MeI in caramel colored food products.

Matrix	Extraction method	LOD	LOQ	References
Ammonia caramel	Ion-pair extraction	5 μg kg^−1	40 μg kg^−1	[5]
Roasted coffee	Ion-pair extraction	5 μg kg^−1	40 μg kg^−1	[7]
Soft drinks and dark beer	Ion-pair extraction	0.6 μg L^−1	2.2 μg L^−1	[10]
Cooked meat	Solution extraction	25 μg kg^−1	40 μg kg^−1	[9]
Balsamic vinegar and processed sauces	Ion-pair extraction	130 μg kg^−1	250 μg kg^−1	[8]
Ammonia caramel	Ion-pair extraction	11.1 μg kg^−1	24.7 μg kg^−1	Current work