Saponin Bitterness Reduction of Carica papaya Leaf Extracts through Adsorption of Weakly Basic Ion Exchange Resins

Table 1

Specification of each ion weakly basic anion exchange resin chosen for the adsorption of saponin from C. papaya leaves.

Product specifications	Ion exchange resins
	Amberlite IRA-67	Diaion WA21J	Diaion WA30
Resin type	Weakly basic anion	Weakly basic anion	Weakly basic anion
Matrix	Acrylic gel	Divinyl benzene-styrene	Divinyl benzene-styrene
Functional group	Polyamine	Polyamine	Tertiary amine
Ionic form	Free base	Free base	Free base
Ion exchange capacity (meq/ml)	1.6	2.0	1.5
Moisture content (%)	56–64	40–52	43–55
Min particle size (µm)	610	650	680
Density	1.80	1.07	1.05
Max operational temperature (°C)	60	100	100
Operational pH	7–9	0–9	0–9
Regeneration chemical	Sodium hydroxide	Sodium hydroxide	Sodium hydroxide