Review Article

Light: An Alternative Method for Physical Control of Postharvest Rotting Caused by Fungi of Citrus Fruit

Table 1

Effects of UV-C irradiation on the postharvest rotting caused by P. italicum and P. digitatum.

Citrus speciesFungi speciesTreatment/intensityMechanism of actionReferences

OrangeP. digitatumFruits were placed 65 cm below the UV-C source (0.1 W·m2)Reduced growth of pathogen, attributed to increase in flavonoids content[46]
OrangeP. digitatum20 cm above the fruits with 3.6 W and 1.5 KJ·m2Reduction in fungi population which was attributed to the accumulation of phytoalexin scoparone in the fruits[47]
OrangeP. italicum and P. digitatumIrradiation (7.92 kJm2)Spore inactivation on the fruit surface[48]
OrangeP. italicum and P. digitatumUV-C light (254 nm) with intensity (2.64 mW cm2) and doses from 0.26 to 15.84 kJ·m2 was applied with lamps over 10 cm of the fruits.Reduction in the fungi spores by the germicidal effects of UV-C[49]
In vitro at potato dextrose agar (PDA)P. digitatumComplete inhibition from 396 mws·cm2 UV-C exposureReported to have some type of a hedonal impact on reducing the reproduction of P. digitatum[50]
GrapefruitP. digitatumFruits were placed 10 cm away from the UV-C 254 nm lamps with 2.7 W·m2 fluency rateEnhanced resistance to P. digitatum which was attributed to the accumulation of a chitinase and 1,3-endoglucanase proteins at the fruits’ peel[51]
Grapefruit and tangerineP. digitutumUV-C dose of 1.3 kJ·m2 dReducing the incidence of pathogen by induced resistance at the fruits[52]
TangerinesP. digitatumUV-C dose of 1.3 kJ·m2 for 1.75 min (fruits were placed 10 cm away and rotated 4 times)Reducing the incidence of pathogen due to the control of latent infection[53]
TangerinesP. digitatumUV-C dose of 1.3 kJ·m2 for 1.75 minReducing the incidence of pathogen by induced host resistance to postharvest decay[54]
KumquatsP. digitatumUV-C at 0.2 × 103 to 1.5 × 103 J·m2Induction of resistance to P. digitatum was previously attributed to phytoalexin and scoparone accumulation[45]