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Biological activity | Dose/duration | Study design/subjects | Effect | References |
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Antistress and antianxiety | 500 mg dried aqueous extract of roots and leaves/twice a day for 14 days | Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover study (n = 20 healthy men) | Decrease aortic pressure | [88] |
300 mg roots extract/day, 45 days | Prospective double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (n = 64 subjects with a history of chronic stress) | Reduce cortisol levels and the scores of stress-assessment scales | [98] |
500 mg powder capsule/twice a day, twice a day, 30 days | Single-trial group (n = 30 subjects with generalized weakness) | Reduce fatigue symptoms, improve workability and quality-of-life dimension scores | [99] |
120 mg root extract/day, six weeks | Double-blind placebo-controlled trial (n = 30 individuals with the obsessive-compulsive disorder) | Improve effect in Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (symptoms severity) | [100] |
300 mg root extract/day 12 weeks | Clinical control-placebo trial (n = 55 type II diabetics, under oral hypoglycemics) | Improvement in stress and complaints | [101] |
250 mg root ethanol extract/twice a day, 6 weeks | Double-blind, placebo-controlled study (n = 39 subjects with generalized anxiety disorder, mixed anxiety and depression, panic disorder, and adjustment disorder with anxiety) | Improvement in anxiety score across time | [102] |
1000 mg standardized root extract/day, 12 weeks | Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind (n = 66 patients with depression and anxiety symptoms) | Improvement in depression single-item and anxiety-depression cluster scores and anxiety symptoms | [103] |
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Cognitive | 500 mg standardized root extract/day 8 weeks | Randomized placebo-controlled (n = 53 patients with bipolar disorder) | Improvement in auditory-verbal working memory (digit span backward) | [104] |
250 mg dried aqueous extract of roots and leaves/twice daily, 14 days | Prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover (n = 20 healthy men) | Improvement in the cognitive and psychomotor performance | [105] |
300 mg root extract/twice daily, 8 weeks | Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled (n = 50 healthy man and female adults) | Improvement in general memory and executive function | [106] |
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Cardiorespiratory | 300 mg roots extract/twice daily, 12 weeks | Randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled (n = 50 healthy athletic male and/or female adult) | Enhances the cardiorespiratory endurance, improvement in the self-reported quality-of-life questionnaire | [107] |
250 mg standardized root extract/twice daily, 14 days | Prospective, double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled (n = 50 healthy men) | Increased velocity, power, and maximum oxygen consumption | [108] |
500 mg standardized root extract/day Sensoril®, 12 weeks | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled (n = 40 healthy, recreationally active men) | Improves upper- and lower-body strength in active men | [109] |
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Analgesic/anti-inflammatory | 1000 mg standardized root extract/day, 10–14 days | Randomized placebo-controlled (n = 26 healthy men) | Increased mean pain threshold time | [110] |
250–125 mg standardized root extract/twice daily, 12 weeks | Randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled (n = 16 patients with knee joint pain and discomfort) | Reduced pain and disability scores (both doses), and promoted a better response (at a higher dose) | [111] |
450 mg root extract/day, 15 days | Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover (n = 42 patients with osteoarthritis) | Reduced severity pain and a disability score | [112] |
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Chemoprotective | 2000 mg root extract/day every 8 h during chemotherapy cycles | Open-label prospective nonrandomized comparative trial (n = 100 patients with breast cancer in all stages) | Reduce score Piper’s fatigue score | [113] |
Reduced Schwartz’s cancer fatigue score and improved quality-of-life questionnaire scores |
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