Tunisian Pistachio Hull Extracts: Phytochemical Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Foodborne Pathogen Inhibition

Table 4

Anti-gram-positive bacteria activity of pistachio hull samples extracted by hexane, acetonitrile, acetone, and water.

Anti-S. aureus (mm)

Anti-L. monocytogenes (mm)

Anti-B. cereus (mm)

HEX

ACTN

ACN

Water

HEX

ACTN

ACN

Water

HEX

ACTN

ACN

Water

Sfax (S)

12.25 ± 0.66^aA

12.83 ± 0.50^bA

14.33 ± 0.70^aB

14.25 ± 0.65^aB

10.25 ± 0.51^aA

12.75 ± 0.61^aB

13.75 ± 0.62^aBC

14.23 ± 0.72^aA

12.00 ± 0.45^abA

12.33 ± 0.43^aA

14.83 ± 0.73^aB

14.25 ± 0.45aB

Sidi Bouzid (SB)

12.75 ± 0.50^aB

11.00 ± 0.55^aA

14.5 ± 0.66^aC

16.83 ± 0.91^bD

12.50 ± 0.60^bA

13.25 ± 0.66^aB

13.50 ± 0.65^aB

15.83 ± 0.77^bB

12.25 ± 0.60^bA

14.50 ± 0.65^bB

17.83 ± 0.81^cC

18.75 ± 0.85cC

Gafsa (G)

12.83 ± 0.68^aA

13.75 ± 0.66^bB

14.5 ± 0.72^aC

18.66 ± 0.66^cD

12.33 ± 0.67^bA

13.00 ± 0.50^aA

13.33 ± 0.67^aA

17.25 ± 0.65^aC

11.33 ± 0.56^aA

14.25 ± 0.55^bB

15.75 ± 0.55^bC

16.25 ± 0.75bD

Values with a different letter (a–c) within a column of the same extraction solvent are significantly different (); values with a different letter (A–C) within a row of the anti-gram-positive activity are significantly different (); ± standard deviation of three replicates. HEX: hexane; ACTN: acetone; ACN: acetonitrile.