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Sabri, Khadidja; Matallah, Atika; Benmansour, Safia; El Mokhtar, Mohammed El Mokhtar Ould

doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2187810

Journal of Function Spaces

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Abstract Introduction Conclusion Data Availability Conflicts of Interest Acknowledgments References Copyright Related Articles

Research Article | Open Access

Volume 2022 | Article ID 2187810 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2187810

Existence of Two Solutions for a Critical Elliptic Problem with Nonlocal Term in

Khadidja Sabri,¹Atika Matallah,²Safia Benmansour,²and Mohammed El Mokhtar Ould El Mokhtar³

Academic Editor: Pasquale Vetro

Received18 Mar 2022

Accepted04 Jun 2022

Published20 Jun 2022

Abstract

In this paper, we prove the existence of two positive solutions for a critical elliptic problem with nonlocal term and Sobolev exponent in dimension four.

1. Introduction

In this work, we are mainly concerned by the existence and the multiplicity of solutions for the following critical elliptic nonlocal problem: where is a smooth bounded domain of , and are positive constants, and belongs to satisfying suitable condition specified afterward.

In our setting, the Laplacian operator is associated to Kirchhoff term , which contains an integral over the entire domain this implies that the equation in is no longer a pointwise identity and so the problem turns to be nonlocal. This fact brings some mathematical difficulties in the search of the solution, and the solvability of this kind of problems has been under various authors’ attention; so, some classical investigations can be seen in the works [1, 2] and the references therein.

Such nonlinear Kirchhoff’s equations can be used for describing the dynamic for an axially moving string and was first formulated by Kirchhoff himself [3] in 1883, he take into account the changes in length of the strings produced by transverse vibrations, and his model can be seen as a generalization of the classical D’Alembert wave equation for free vibrations of elastic strings.

Problems which involve nonlocal operator have been widely studied due to their numerous and relevant applications in various fields of sciences. In particular, Kirchhoff type problems proved to be valuable tools for modeling several physical and biological phenomena, and many works have been made to ensure the existence of solutions for such problems; we quote in particular the article of Lions [4]. Since this famous paper, very fruitful development has given rise to many works on this advantageous axis, and in most of them, the used approach relies on topological methods. However, just few improvements were held concerning the multiplicity of solutions. In [5], Maia obtained a multiplicity of solutions for a class of -Choquard equations with a nonlocal and nondegenerate Kirchhoff term by using truncation arguments and Krasnoselskii’s genus. In [6], Vetro studied the existence of two different notions of solutions by using Galerkin approximation method, jointly with the theory of pseudomonotone operators.

With this regard, variational approach was solicited instead of topological methods to solve this kind of problems and also to prove the existence of multiple solutions; we refer interested readers to the works [7–10].

We begin by giving an overview about the previous research related to the problem which can be written in the more general form,

where is a smooth bounded domain of

Without nonlocal term , much interest has grown on problems involving critical exponents, and there are many publications dealing with the existence of solutions, starting from the celebrated paper by Brézis and Nirenberg [11] when and are the critical Sobolev exponent. For convenience of the reader, we give a brief summary of these results: they established existence results in dimension when is a ball namely, and they ensure the existence of a positive constant such that the problem admits a positive solution for where is the first eigenvalue of the operator In higher dimensions they proved the existence of a positive solution for sufficiently small, i.e., and no positive solution for and a star-shaped domain.

When Ambrosetti et al. [12] established a multiplicity result in a bounded domain of indeed, they ensured the existence of a positive constant such that the problem admits two positive solutions for a positive solution for and no positive solution for

For the nonhomogeneous case, namely, when Tarantello [13] proved the existence of at least two solutions when satisfies

for all

We emphases that the extension of the previous results to the nonlocal case, namely, for elliptic problems driven by Kirchhoff type operator are not obvious in high dimensions Therefore, no improvement was hold concerning the multiplicity of solutions in this case.

For the case and , Naimen in [14] treated the problem for and obtained homologous results than the ones obtained by Brézis and Niremberg [11] in the nonlocal case under a suitable condition on .

In dimension four, Naimen in [15] used variational methods to explore problem and showed that admits a positive solution when

In the same order of ideas and still in the nonlocal case Lei et al. in [16] and Liao et al. in [17] extended the findings of [12] to a more general setting, namely, with the Kirchhoff operator; they established a multiplicity result in dimensions three and four, respectively.

Benmansour and Bouchekif [8] generalized the results obtained by Tarantello [13] to the nonlocal case in dimension three. Indeed, they have shown the existence of two solutions under a sufficient condition on by introducing the Nehari manifold.

A natural question is to know whether the multiplicity result persists in the case of dimension four.

In the current paper, our main purpose inspired by [8] is to see that the result obtained in [8] can be extended to dimension four. We emphases that our results are new and complement the above works.

In order to study we shall work with the space endowed with the norm we use also the following notation: for , and denote generic positive constants whose exact values are not important, is the ball of center and radius , denotes any quantity which tends to zero as tends to infinity, and is the best Sobolev constant defined by

To state the main results, we define where , a small enough positive number and belongs to

The main results are concluded as the following theorems, which are news for the case when

Theorem 1. Assume that . Then, the problem admits a local minimal solution with Furthermore for

Theorem 2. Assume that . Then, the problem admits another solution with Furthermore, for

Notice that if

Moreover, the assumption certainly holds if satisfies certain conditions, for example,

for all with Indeed, we have is achieved and strictly positive if satisfies (see Lemma 2.2 in [13]). In order as then,

This paper is structured as follows: in Section 2, we give some basic results useful for what follows. Section 3 is devoted to the proofs of our main results.

2. Some Preliminary Results

We consider the energy functional associated to problem defined for and given by

Observe that , whose derivative at the point is given by

Obviously, if is a critical point of the functional ; then, is a weak solution of problem

In general, is not bounded from below on , to overcome this and achieve a multiplicity result, the key argument is to use an appropriate manifold called in mathematical literature the Nehari manifold, it is a suitable manifold who has a pertinent property to prove the distinction of two solutions. Indeed, a minimizer in this set may give rise to solution of the corresponding equation. This so called Nehari manifold is defined by

Lemma 3. Assume that , and . Then, the functional is coercive and bounded from below on

Proof. For , we have Therefore Thus, is coercive and bounded from below on .
Let for and These maps are known as fibering maps and were first introduced by Drábek and Pohozaev [18] The set is closely linked to the behavior of , for more details, see for example [19] or [20].
It is natural to split into three subsets: where These subsets correspond to local minima, points of inflexion, and local maxima of , respectively.

Definition 4. A sequence is said to be a Palais Smale sequence at level ( sequence in short) for if verifies Palais Smale condition at level ( condition in short) if any sequence has a convergent subsequence in

Next, for , and , a small enough positive number set then Easy computations show that is concave and achieves its maximum at the point where

That is,

Now, for set , that is

Fix , then, for , we have so

This is crucial for the following.

Lemma 5. Assume that , then,

Proof. Arguing by contradiction we assume that there exists i.e., verifies From (24) and (25), we derive that As , we get from (24), (26), and the definition of that is Thus, as and , we derive that therefore, from (25), we obtain with Then, from (23), (25), and (26), we get which yields to a contradiction.

Lemma 6. Assume that , then, for all there exists unique positive value such that Moreover, if then, there exists unique positive value such that

Proof. We have and is concave and achieves its maximum at the point If ; then, there exists a unique such that and , which implies that and for all Moreover, if then, there exists a unique such that and , which implies that and for all
Set In the following lemma, we prove that is closed and disconnects in exactly two connected components and .

Lemma 7. Assume that . Then (i) is closed(ii)(iii)

Proof. Let and then, . Assume by contradiction that then So, this implies that
From (36) and the definition of , we get so which yields to a contradiction.
Let and then, , and there exists unique such that As then Thus if and, then, and Let then Since it follows that So, , and we conclude that

By Lemma 6, we know that and are not empty, so we can define with

Lemma 8. Assume that , then, there exists such that

Proof. Let then Thus .
Set the unique solution of the equation it follows By Lemma 6, there exists a unique positive value such that . So consequently

The following lemma is needed for prove the existence of Palais Smale sequences.

Lemma 9. Assume that . Then, for any there exist and a differentiable function such that

Proof. Let and define as follows Clearly, Moreover, from Lemma 5, we derive that Thus, we get our result by a straightforward application of the implicit function theorem to the function at the point .

Lemma 10. Let There exist a Palais Smale sequences such that

Proof. Assume by Lemma 3, is bounded from below in then by applying the Ekeland Variational Principle, we can obtain a minimizing sequence satisfying for all Thus,
By using Lemma 8, we get for large enough this implies that then and by Holder inequality, we get Consequently, and Now, we show that tend to as goes to . Arguing by contradiction and fix with .
Then, by Lemma 9, there exist and a function such that with and . By (56) and the Taylor expansion of , we have Then We have This, together with (61) implies for a suitable constant Now, we must show that is uniformly bounded in indeed, since is a bounded sequence, we have from Lemma 8for a suitable constant Assume by contradiction that for a subsequence still called we have Then, as is a small enough positive number, we get So from (61), we derive that Also, as , we get from (68) then which is absurd. At this point, we conclude that in
For adopting exactly the same way as in the case where .
In the following, we will prove our results.

3. Proofs of the Main Results

The proof of our main results is divided in two parts.

3.1. Existence of a Solution in

In this subsection, we prove that has a solution in

Proposition 11. Assume that . Then, the minimization problem attaints its infimum at a point . Moreover, is a local minimizer for in

Proof. By using Lemma 10, there exists a bounded minimizing sequence such that and in So, we deduce that is bounded in
Passing to a subsequence if necessary, we have weakly in , then, for all In addition, from (60), we get . So, is a weak solution for and
Thus then It follows that converges strongly to in , then, and necessarily To conclude that is a local minimum of , let us recall that we have from Lemma 6Choose sufficiently small to have and satisfying for every Since as we can always assume that so and for , we have from (75), we can take and conclude that for all such that Thus, is a local minimum of
If , we have and clearly and from (75) necessarily . Therefore, as , we get so, we can always take

3.2. Existence of a Solution in

The following part is devoted to prove the existence of a second solution such that First, we determine the good level for covering the Palais Smale condition.

We have the following important result.

Lemma 12. Assume that . Then, satisfies the condition for with

Proof. Let be a sequence with then Hence, is a bounded sequence in Thus for a subsequence still denoted and we can find such that in and a.e in . Therefore, , and
Let From Brézis-Lieb Lemma [21], one has this implies that Assume that with , then, by (85) and the Sobolev inequality, we obtain this implies that Hence On the other hand, we have consequently, we obtain which is a contradiction. Therefore, and strongly in
Now, it is natural to show that As it is well know, , the best Sobolev constant defined above is attained in by For let such that for for and Now, we shall give some useful estimates of the extremal functions Let and The following estimates are obtained in [22] as tends to Let a set of positive measure such that on (if not replace and by and , respectively).

Lemma 13. Let a small enough positive number. Assume that satisfies ; then, for every and a.e. there exists such that for every

Proof. For small enough, let us consider the functional defined by We have by (92) On the other hand, since is a solution of problem , we have , and
Then we obtain by (92) where Since , we have as goes to and as goes to . This implies that there exist such that Then, for with , we conclude Therefore, for small enough positive number.

Proposition 14. Let a small enough positive number. Assume that satisfies , then, has a local minimizer on such that . Moreover is a local minimizer for on .

Proof. By Lemma 6, for every such that , there exists unique such that and for all Then, for suitable constant , we deduce that Therefore for carefully chosen, the estimate (97) holds for small enough
Thus, we derive that Then, from Lemma 7, we conclude that .
Set It is obvious that given by belongs to We conclude from Lemma 13 that As the range of any intersects one has From Lemma 10, we can obtain a minimizing sequence such that We also deduce that
Consequently, we obtain a subsequence still denoted , and we can find such that This implies that is a critical point for and
Finally, for , let satisfying From Lemma 6, we have So we conclude that

4. Conclusion

In our work, we have searched the critical points as the minimizers of the energy functional associated to the problem on the constraint defined by the Nehari manifold , which is a solution of our problem. Under some sufficient conditions, we split in two disjoint subsets and . Thus, we consider the minimization problems on and , respectively. If , then, the problem has a local minimal solution with Furthermore, for and if . The problem has another solution with Furthermore, for

Data Availability

The functions, functionals, and parameters used to support the findings of this study are included within the article.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge (1) Qassim University, represented by the Deanship of Scientific Research, on the material support for this research under the number (1124) during the academic year 1443AH/2022 AD and (2) Algerian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research on the material support for this research under the number (1124) during the academic year 1443AH/2022 AD.

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Copyright © 2022 Khadidja Sabri et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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