Potential of NMR Spectroscopy in the Characterization of Nonconventional Oils
Table 1
Physicochemical properties of bio-oil samples investigated.
Analysis
Sample 1
Sample 2
pH
3.3
3.6
Water (wt%)
26.7
30.5
Pentane soluble (wt%)
5.2
3.3
Toluene soluble (wt%)
6.3
9.8
CH2Cl2 solubles (wt%)
5.9
4.9
Ethyl acetate soluble (wt%)
6.1
6.1
Methanol solubles (wt%)
15.7
22.5
Solvent insolubles (wt%)
3.4
0.4
Low volatile organics* (wt%)
30.7
22.5
Density (kg/m3)
1.22
1.13
Viscosity, cSt
24
18
C (wt%)
44.3 (66)
34.7 (72)
H (wt%)
6.8 (6.7)
6.9 (3.4)
N (wt%)
0.15 (0.1)
0.1 (0.2)
S (wt%)
0.31 (0.5)
0.26 (0.3)
C/H
6.5 (9.8)
5.1 (21.1)
Ash (wt%)
1.5
0.18
Oil content (MeOH extractable), (wt%)
55.8
58.4
MeOH insolubles, (wt%)
3.4
0.4
ā*By difference, calculated as 100 ā (total extractables recovered + water + solvent insolubles). Values in parenthesis are for methanol insoluble solids.
