Kids’ Perceptions toward Children’s Ward Healing Environments: A Case Study of Taiwan University Children’s Hospital

Table 3

Nonpharmacological intervention measures during children’s medical procedures versus elements of the healing environment in the NTUCH.

Intervention elements	Aim	Objective	Elements of the healing environment
Healing garden [18]	Anxiety, sadness, anger, worry, fatigue, and pain	Child (2–12 years old), adolescent (13–18 years old), and adult	Hanging garden
Playful activities [19]	Anxiety	5 to 12 years old	Game room (colorful sky cave, touching republic, toy room, and youth blog), toy building bricks, craft activities, and balloons of various shapes activities
Music [20]	Anxiety and pain	2–12 years old	Regular concerts
Electronic game [21]	Child distress	3 to 7 years old	None
Clown [22, 23]	Anxiety/anxiety	3–8 years old/5–12 years old	Clown and magic shows and theatres
Virtual reality [24, 25]	Anxiety and pain/anxiety and pain	7–14 years old/6–14 years old	None
Cartoon movie [26]	Distress, restraint, and pain	4 to 6 years old	Cartoon movies shown in waiting areas
Computer game [27]	Anxiety, symptom, and emotion	10–16 years old	None
Instructional therapeutic toy [28]	Pain	3–10 years old	Seeds-of-hope hospital activities