Table of Contents Author Guidelines Submit a Manuscript
Table of Contents Alerts

To receive news and publication updates for Journal of Healthcare Engineering, enter your email address in the box below.

Journal of Healthcare Engineering
Volume 2017 (2017), Article ID 3624613, 10 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3624613
Review Article

The Electrode Modality Development in Pulsed Electric Field Treatment Facilitates Biocellular Mechanism Study and Improves Cancer Ablation Efficacy

Chao Cen1 and Xinhua Chen1,2

1The Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
2The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China

Correspondence should be addressed to Xinhua Chen; nc.ude.ujz@nehc_auhnix

Received 25 January 2017; Accepted 15 March 2017; Published 7 May 2017

Academic Editor: Feng-Huei Lin

Copyright © 2017 Chao Cen and Xinhua Chen. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Linked References

  1. B. Ferraro, Y. L. Cruz, D. Coppola, and R. Heller, “Intradermal delivery of plasmid VEGF(165) by electroporation promotes wound healing,” Molecular Therapy, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 651–657, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  2. L. Heller, M. J. Jaroszeski, D. Coppola, C. Pottinger, R. Gilbert, and R. Heller, “Electrically mediated plasmid DNA delivery to hepatocellular carcinomas in vivo,” Gene Therapy, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 826–829, 2000. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
  3. A. M. Bodles-Brakhop, R. Heller, and R. Draghia-Akli, “Electroporation for the delivery of DNA-based vaccines and immunotherapeutics: current clinical developments,” Molecular Therapy, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 585–592, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  4. B. D. Livingston, S. F. Little, A. Luxembourg, B. Ellefsen, and D. Hannaman, “Comparative performance of a licensed anthrax vaccine versus electroporation based delivery of a PA encoding DNA vaccine in rhesus macaques,” Vaccine, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 1056–1061, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  5. A. Donate, D. Coppola, Y. Cruz, and R. Heller, “Evaluation of a novel non-penetrating electrode for use in DNA vaccination,” PloS One, vol. 6, no. 4, article e19181, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  6. M. Okino and H. Mohri, “Effects of a high-voltage electrical impulse and an anticancer drug on in vivo growing tumors,” Japanese Journal of Cancer Research, vol. 78, no. 12, pp. 1319–1321, 1987. View at Google Scholar
  7. S. Orlowski, J. Belehradek Jr., C. Paoletti, and L. M. Mir, “Transient electropermeabilization of cells in culture. Increase of the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs,” Biochemical Pharmacology, vol. 37, no. 24, pp. 4727–4733, 1988. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  8. R. Heller, M. J. Jaroszeski, L. F. Glass et al., “Phase I/II trial for the treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors using electrochemotherapy,” Cancer, vol. 77, no. 5, pp. 964–971, 1996. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
  9. J. Gehl, T. Skovsgaard, and L. M. Mir, “Enhancement of cytotoxicity by electropermeabilization: an improved method for screening drugs,” Anti-Cancer Drugs, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 319–325, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
  10. R. Heller, D. Coppola, C. Pottinger, R. Gilbert, and M. J. Jaroszeski, “Effect of electrochemotherapy on muscle and skin,” Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment, vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 385–392, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
  11. A. Gothelf, L. M. Mir, and J. Gehl, “Electrochemotherapy: results of cancer treatment using enhanced delivery of bleomycin by electroporation,” Cancer Treatment Reviews, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 371–387, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  12. V. Munoz Madero and P. G. Ortega, “Electrochemotherapy for treatment of skin and soft tissue tumours. Update and definition of its role in multimodal therapy,” Clinical & Translational Oncology, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 18–24, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  13. A. Testori, G. Tosti, C. Martinoli et al., “Electrochemotherapy for cutaneous and subcutaneous tumor lesions: a novel therapeutic approach,” Dermatologic Therapy, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 651–661, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  14. X. J. Yang, J. Li, C. X. Sun, F. Y. Zheng, and L. N. Hu, “The effect of high frequency steep pulsed electric fields on in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficiency of ovarian cancer cell line skov3 and potential use in electrochemotherapy,” Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, vol. 28, no. 1, p. 53, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  15. E. D. Kirson, V. Dbaly, F. Tovarys et al., “Alternating electric fields arrest cell proliferation in animal tumor models and human brain tumors,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 104, no. 24, pp. 10152–10157, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  16. B. R. Persson, C. Baureus Koch, G. Grafstrom, P. E. Engstrom, and L. G. Salford, “A model for evaluating therapeutic response of combined cancer treatment modalities: applied to treatment of subcutaneously implanted brain tumors (N32 and N29) in Fischer rats with pulsed electric fields (PEF) and 60Co-gamma radiation (RT),” Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 459–470, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
  17. Y. Kubota, T. Nakada, and I. Sasagawa, “Treatment of rat bladder cancer with electrochemotherapy in vivo,” Methods in Molecular Medicine, vol. 37, pp. 293–298, 2000. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
  18. G. A. Hofmann, S. B. Dev, S. Dimmer, and G. S. Nanda, “Electroporation therapy: a new approach for the treatment of head and neck cancer,” IEEE Transactions on bio-Medical Engineering, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 752–759, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  19. B. Al-Sakere, F. Andre, C. Bernat et al., “Tumor ablation with irreversible electroporation,” PloS One, vol. 2, no. 11, article e1135, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  20. R. V. Davalos, I. L. Mir, and B. Rubinsky, “Tissue ablation with irreversible electroporation,” Annals of Biomedical Engineering, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 223–231, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  21. G. Onik, P. Mikus, and B. Rubinsky, “Irreversible electroporation: implications for prostate ablation,” Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 295–300, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
  22. B. Rubinsky, “Irreversible electroporation in medicine,” Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 255–260, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
  23. B. Rubinsky, G. Onik, and P. Mikus, “Irreversible electroporation: a new ablation modality—clinical implications,” Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 37–48, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
  24. E. W. Lee, C. T. Loh, and S. T. Kee, “Imaging guided percutaneous irreversible electroporation: ultrasound and immunohistological correlation,” Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 287–294, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
  25. P. A. Garcia, J. H. Rossmeisl Jr., J. Robertson, T. L. Ellis, and R. V. Davalos, “Pilot study of irreversible electroporation for intracranial surgery,” Conference Proceedings: Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, vol. 2009, pp. 6513–6516, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  26. D. Vollherbst, S. Fritz, S. Zelzer et al., “Specific CT 3D rendering of the treatment zone after irreversible electroporation (IRE) in a pig liver model: the “Chebyshev Center Concept” to define the maximum treatable tumor size,” BMC Medical Imaging, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 2, 2014. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  27. P. A. Garcia, J. H. Rossmeisl Jr., R. E. Neal 2nd et al., “Intracranial nonthermal irreversible electroporation: in vivo analysis,” The Journal of Membrane Biology, vol. 236, no. 1, pp. 127–136, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  28. W. Frey, J. A. White, R. O. Price et al., “Plasma membrane voltage changes during nanosecond pulsed electric field exposure,” Biophysical Journal, vol. 90, no. 10, pp. 3608–3615, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  29. G. Hubener, A. Lambacher, and P. Fromherz, “Anellated hemicyanine dyes with large symmetrical solvatochromism of absorption and fluorescence,” The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B, vol. 107, no. 31, pp. 7896–7902, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
  30. K. H. Schoenbach, S. J. Beebe, and E. S. Buescher, “Intracellular effect of ultrashort electrical pulses,” Bioelectromagnetics, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 440–448, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  31. K. H. Schoenbach, R. P. Joshi, J. F. Kolb et al., “Ultrashort electrical pulses open a new gateway into biological cells,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 92, no. 7, pp. 1122–1137, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  32. T. R. Gowrishankar, A. T. Esser, Z. Vasilkoski, K. C. Smith, and J. C. Weaver, “Microdosimetry for conventional and supra-electroporation in cells with organelles,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 341, pp. 1266–1276, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  33. T. R. Gowrishankar and J. C. Weaver, “Electrical behavior and pore accumulation in a multicellular model for conventional and supra-electroporation,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 349, no. 2, pp. 643–653, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  34. K. C. Smith and J. C. Weaver, “Active mechanisms are needed to describe cell responses to submicrosecond, megavolt-per-meter pulses: cell models for ultrashort pulses,” Biophysical Journal, vol. 95, no. 4, pp. 1547–1563, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  35. X. Chen, C. G. Yao, C. X. Li et al., “Frequency response model and simulation of transmembrane potentials on cellular inner and outer membranes,” Conference Proceedings: Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, vol. 2007, pp. 5819–5822, 2007. View at Google Scholar
  36. W. Ren and S. J. Beebe, “An apoptosis targeted stimulus with nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) in E4 squamous cell carcinoma,” Apoptosis, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 382–393, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  37. J. Weaver, The Biomedical Engineering Handbook, CRC Press and IEEE Press, Boca Raton, Florida ,USA, 1995.
  38. K. Hashimoto, N. Tatsumi, and K. Okuda, “Introduction of phalloidin labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate into living polymorphonuclear leukocytes by electroporation,” Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods, vol. 19, no. 2–3, pp. 143–153, 1989. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  39. M. Kambe, D. Arita, H. Kikuchi et al., “Enhancing the effect of anticancer drugs against the colorectal cancer cell line with electroporation,” The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol. 180, no. 2, pp. 161–171, 1996. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  40. J. A. White, P. F. Blackmore, K. H. Schoenbach, and S. J. Beebe, “Stimulation of capacitative calcium entry in HL-60 cells by nanosecond pulsed electric fields,” The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 279, no. 22, pp. 22964–22972, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  41. A. G. Pakhomov, A. M. Bowman, B. L. Ibey, F. M. Andre, O. N. Pakhomova, and K. H. Schoenbach, “Lipid nanopores can form a stable, ion channel-like conduction pathway in cell membrane,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 385, no. 2, pp. 181–186, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  42. G. H. Wang, L. Wang, Y. J. Han, S. Zhou, and X. Y. Guan, “Nanopore detection of copper ions using a polyhistidine probe,” Biosensors & Bioelectronics, vol. 53, pp. 453–458, 2014. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  43. H. T. Beier, C. C. Roth, G. P. Tolstykh, and B. L. Ibey, “Resolving the spatial kinetics of electric pulse-induced ion release,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 423, no. 4, pp. 863–866, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  44. S. S. Scarlett, J. A. White, P. F. Blackmore, K. H. Schoenbach, and J. F. Kolb, “Regulation of intracellular calcium concentration by nanosecond pulsed electric fields,” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta-Biomembranes, vol. 1788, no. 5, pp. 1168–1175, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  45. S. J. Beebe, P. M. Fox, L. J. Rec, E. L. Willis, and K. H. Schoenbach, “Nanosecond, high-intensity pulsed electric fields induce apoptosis in human cells,” FASEB Journal, vol. 17, no. 11, pp. 1493–1495, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
  46. Y. P. Ow, D. R. Green, Z. Hao, and T. W. Mak, “Cytochrome c: functions beyond respiration,” Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology, vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 532–542, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  47. G. Kroemer, L. Galluzzi, and C. Brenner, “Mitochondrial membrane permeabilization in cell death,” Physiological Reviews, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 99–163, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  48. W. Ren, N. M. Sain, and S. J. Beebe, “Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) activate intrinsic caspase-dependent and caspase-independent cell death in Jurkat cells,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 421, no. 4, pp. 808–812, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  49. P. T. Vernier, Y. Sun, L. Marcu, S. Salemi, C. M. Craft, and M. A. Gundersen, “Calcium bursts induced by nanosecond electric pulses,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 310, no. 2, pp. 286–295, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  50. G. L. Craviso, P. Chatterjee, G. Maalouf et al., “Nanosecond electric pulse-induced increase in intracellular calcium in adrenal chromaffin cells triggers calcium-dependent catecholamine release,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1294–1301, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  51. T. Berghöfer, C. Eing, B. Flickinger et al., “Nanosecond electric pulses trigger actin responses in plant cells,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 387, no. 3, pp. 590–595, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  52. A. G. Pakhomov, J. F. Kolb, J. A. White, R. P. Joshi, S. Xiao, and K. H. Schoenbach, “Long-lasting plasma membrane permeabilization in mammalian cells by nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF),” Bioelectromagnetics, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 655–663, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  53. P. T. Vernier, Y. Sun, L. Marcu, C. M. Craft, and M. A. Gundersen, “Nanoelectropulse-induced phosphatidylserine translocation,” Biophysical Journal, vol. 86, no. 6, pp. 4040–4048, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  54. V. Nesin, A. M. Bowman, S. Xiao, and A. G. Pakhomov, “Cell permeabilization and inhibition of voltage-gated Ca2+ and Na+ channel currents by nanosecond pulsed electric field,” Bioelectromagnetics, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 394–404, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  55. A. O. Verkerk, A. C. van Ginneken, and R. Wilders, “Sodium current inhibition by nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF)—fact or artifact?” Bioelectromagnetics, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 162–164, 2013. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  56. E. M. Knavel and C. L. Brace, “Tumor ablation: common modalities and general practices,” Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 192–200, 2013. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  57. J. Kai, S. Ming, L. Yang et al., “Complete radio frequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma adjacent to the main bile duct and blood vessels between the first and the second hepatic portal,” Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 397–402, 2013. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  58. N. K. Janzen, K. T. Perry, K. R. Han et al., “The effects of intentional cryoablation and radio frequency ablation of renal tissue involving the collecting system in a porcine model,” The Journal of Urology, vol. 173, no. 4, pp. 1368–1374, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  59. S. E. Singletary, B. D. Fornage, N. Sneige et al., “Radiofrequency ablation of early-stage invasive breast tumors: an overview,” Cancer Journal, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 177–180, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  60. R. Nuccitelli, K. Tran, K. Lui et al., “Non-thermal nanoelectroablation of UV-induced murine melanomas stimulates an immune response,” Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 618–629, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  61. R. E. Neal 2nd and R. V. Davalos, “The feasibility of irreversible electroporation for the treatment of breast cancer and other heterogeneous systems,” Annals of Biomedical Engineering, vol. 37, no. 12, pp. 2615–2625, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  62. R. Nuccitelli, U. Pliquett, X. Chen et al., “Nanosecond pulsed electric fields cause melanomas to self-destruct,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 343, no. 2, pp. 351–360, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  63. D. Yin, W. G. Yang, J. Weissberg et al., “Cutaneous papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma therapy utilizing nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF),” PloS One, vol. 7, no. 8, article e43891, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  64. R. E. Neal 2nd, R. Singh, H. C. Hatcher, N. D. Kock, S. V. Torti, and R. V. Davalos, “Treatment of breast cancer through the application of irreversible electroporation using a novel minimally invasive single needle electrode,” Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, vol. 123, no. 1, pp. 295–301, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  65. R. Nuccitelli, K. Tran, S. Sheikh, B. Athos, M. Kreis, and P. Nuccitelli, “Optimized nanosecond pulsed electric field therapy can cause murine malignant melanomas to self-destruct with a single treatment,” International Journal of Cancer, vol. 127, no. 7, pp. 1727–1736, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  66. X. Chen, R. James Swanson, J. F. Kolb, R. Nuccitelli, and K. H. Schoenbach, “Histopathology of normal skin and melanomas after nanosecond pulsed electric field treatment,” Melanoma Research, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 361–371, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  67. X. Chen, R. J. Swanson, K. H. Schoenbach, S. Yin, and S. Zheng, “Histopathological follow-up by tissue micro-array in a survival study after melanoma treated by nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF),” The Journal of Dermatological Treatment, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 153–161, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  68. X. Chen, K. H. Schoenbach, S. Zheng, and R. J. Swanson, “Comparative study of long- and short-pulsed electric fields for treating melanoma in an in vivo mouse model,” In Vivo, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 23–27, 2011. View at Google Scholar
  69. J. F. Edd, L. Horowitz, R. V. Davalos, L. M. Mir, and B. Rubinsky, “In vivo results of a new focal tissue ablation technique: irreversible electroporation,” IEEE Transactions onbio-Medical Engineering, vol. 53, no. 7, pp. 1409–1415, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  70. T. L. Ellis, P. A. Garcia, J. H. Rossmeisl Jr., N. Henao-Guerrero, J. Robertson, and R. V. Davalos, “Nonthermal irreversible electroporation for intracranial surgical applications. Laboratory investigation,” Journal of Neurosurgery, vol. 114, no. 3, pp. 681–688, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  71. R. Nuccitelli, R. Wood, M. Kreis et al., “First-in-human trial of nanoelectroablation therapy for basal cell carcinoma: proof of method,” Experimental Dermatology, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 135–137, 2014. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus