Development of the Arabic Voice Pathology Database and Its Evaluation by Using Speech Features and Machine Learning Algorithms

Table 9

Comparison of AVPD with two publicly available voice disorder databases.

Sr. number	Characteristics	MEEI	AVPD	SVD
	Language	English	Arabic	German
	Recording location	Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary (MEEI) voice and speech laboratory, USA	Communication and Swallowing Disordered Unit, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Saudi Arabia	Saarland University, Germany
	Sampling frequency	Samples are recorded at different sampling frequencies; (i) 10 kHz; (ii) 25 kHz; (iii) 50 kHz	All samples are recorded at same frequency; (i) 48 kHz	All samples are recorded at same frequency; (i) 50 kHz
	Extension of recorded samples	Recorded samples are stored in  .NSP format only	Recorded samples are stored in  .wav and  .nsp format	Recorded samples are stored in  .wav and  .nsp format
	Recorded text	(i) Vowel /a/; (ii) Rainbow passage	(i) Vowel /a/; (ii) Vowel /i/; (iii) Vowel /u/; (iv) Al-Fateha (running speech); (v) Arabic digits; (vi) Common words; (All vowels are recorded with a repetition)	(i) Vowel /a/; (ii) Vowel /i/; (iii) Vowel /u/; (iv) A sentence
	Recording of vowels	Only stable part of the phonation	Complete phonation including onset and offset parts	Only stable part of the phonation
	Length of recorded samples	Normal; (i) Vowel: 3 sec; (ii) Rainbow: 12 sec; Patient; (i) Vowel: 1 sec; (ii) Rainbow: 9 sec	(i) Vowel: 5 sec; (ii) Al-Fateha: 18 sec; (iii) Digits: 10 sec; (iv) Words: 3 sec; (The length of a complete recorded sample is 60 sec approx.)	Vowels: 1~3 sec; Sentence: 2 sec
	Ratio of normal and pathological subjects	Normal: 7%; Pathological: 93%	Normal: 51%; Pathological: 49%	Normal: 33%; Pathological: 67%
	Perceptual severity	✗	✓; Perceptual severity is rated on a scale of 1 (low) to 3 (high)	✗
	Pathology types	Functional and organic	Organic	Functional and organic
	Evaluation of normal subjects	✗	✓	No such information is available