The Biomechanical Study of Extraforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Three-Dimensional Finite-Element Analysis

Table 1

Material property of spinal components and implants.

Component	Young’s modulus (MPa)	Poisson’s ratio	Cross section (mm^2)
Cortical bone	12000.0	0.30
Endplate	1200.0	0.29
Cancellous bone	100.0	0.30
Annulus ground substance	4.2	0.45
Nucleus pulposus	1.0	0.49
Annulus fiber	450.0	0.45
Anterior longitudinal ligaments	20.0	0.30	63.7
Posterior longitudinal ligaments	20.0	0.30	20.0
Intertransverse ligament	58.7	0.30	3.6
Ligamentum flavum	19.5	0.30	40.0
Interspinous ligament	11.6	0.30	40.0
Supraspinous ligament	15.0	0.30	30.0
Capsular ligament	32.9	0.30	60.0
Pedicle screws and rod	110000.0	0.28	20.0
PEEK cage	3600.0	0.25