Research Article
Blood Pressure Estimation Using Photoplethysmography Only: Comparison between Different Machine Learning Approaches
Table 4
Estimated DBP from the regression tree for each individual case under the three BP categories and its difference with reference DBP.
| Case | Normotensive | Hypertensive | Hypotensive | Reference DBP | Estimated DBP | Difference | Reference DBP | Estimated DBP | Difference | Reference DBP | Estimated DBP | Difference |
| 1 | 49.8 | 49.3 | 0.5 | — | — | — | 45.7 | 46.8 | −1.0 | 2 | 43.0 | 64.3 | −21.3 | — | — | — | 44.0 | 65.1 | −21.1 | 3 | 54.5 | 53.3 | 1.2 | — | — | — | 48.4 | 50.0 | −1.6 | 4 | 59.0 | 58.5 | 0.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | 67.0 | 65.6 | 1.4 | 79.1 | 79.1 | 0.0 | — | — | — | 6 | 60.5 | 57.2 | 3.3 | 88.0 | 74.0 | 14.0 | 41.6 | 46.8 | −5.2 | 7 | 49.3 | 48.4 | 0.9 | — | — | — | 43.1 | 45.6 | −2.5 | 8 | 53.0 | 53.5 | −0.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9 | 49.3 | 48.2 | 1.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 10 | 51.9 | 49.9 | 2.0 | 54.7 | 54.7 | 0.0 | — | — | — | 11 | 69.9 | 66.3 | 3.6 | 93.0 | 80.3 | 12.7 | 49.2 | 54.3 | −5.0 | 12 | 63.2 | 60.2 | 3.0 | — | — | — | 46.7 | 47.7 | −1.0 | 13 | 64.6 | 61.5 | 3.0 | — | — | — | 56.0 | 60.2 | −4.2 | 14 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 57.6 | 56.7 | 0.9 | 15 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 54.3 | 54.3 | 0.1 | 16 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 56.2 | 57.3 | −1.1 | 17 | 58.3 | 59.8 | −1.6 | — | — | — | 45.5 | 52.8 | −7.3 | 18 | 59.7 | 62.2 | −2.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 19 | 51.6 | 64.6 | −13.0 | 77.0 | 60.9 | 16.1 | — | — | — | 20 | 60.3 | 62.5 | −2.2 | 76.0 | 77.4 | −1.4 | 50.0 | 65.8 | −15.8 | 21 | 45.4 | 51.6 | −6.2 | — | — | — | 45.7 | 50.6 | −4.9 | 22 | 63.1 | 58.9 | 4.2 | 62.5 | 61.3 | 1.2 | 40.0 | 62.5 | −22.5 | 23 | 74.1 | 69.1 | 5.0 | 82.3 | 71.7 | 10.6 | — | — | — | 24 | 61.5 | 67.3 | −5.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 25 | 63.9 | 62.0 | 1.9 | 73.2 | 66.1 | 7.1 | 51.7 | 63.0 | −11.3 | 26 | 57.4 | 60.2 | −2.8 | 75.0 | 60.2 | 14.8 | 53.0 | 67.0 | −14.0 | 27 | 71.1 | 68.2 | 2.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 28 | 60.7 | 63.2 | −2.5 | 87.5 | 72.3 | 15.2 | — | — | — | 29 | 65.8 | 61.7 | 4.1 | — | — | — | 52.3 | 57.5 | −5.2 | 30 | 71.1 | 63.3 | 7.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 31 | 70.8 | 68.5 | 2.3 | 87.4 | 76.0 | 11.5 | 57.4 | 68.3 | −10.9 | 32 | 66.6 | 65.5 | 1.1 | 88.0 | 76.8 | 11.2 | — | — | — | Mean | 59.8 | 60.1 | −0.3 | 78.7 | 70.0 | 8.6 | 49.3 | 56.4 | −7.0 | SD | 8.2 | 6.3 | 5.6 | 10.9 | 8.4 | 6.5 | 5.4 | 7.4 | 7.0 |
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