Research Article
Effect of Dropping Height on the Forces of Lower Extremity Joints and Muscles during Landing: A Musculoskeletal Modeling
Table 2
Effects of dropping height on the peak forces of main muscles in the lower limbs (unit: body weight, BW).
| Muscles | Low (32 cm) | Medium (52 cm) | High (72 cm) | F | |
| Gastrocnemius | 5.3 ± 1.6 | 5.8 ± 1.7 | 5.5 ± 2.0 | 0.21 | 0.812 | Soleus | 9.9 ± 3.0 | 10.6 ± 3.7 | 11.8 ± 3.8 | 0.75 | 0.482 | Tibialis posterior | 4.1 ± 1.7 | 4.8 ± 2.5 | 3.5 ± 1.6 | 1.09 | 0.351 | Tibialis anterior | 7.2 ± 1.5 | 7.6 ± 1.7 | 7.6 ± 1.8 | 0.19 | 0.828 | Biceps femoris | 3.3 ± 1.2 | 4.0 ± 1.1 | 5.6 ± 1.9 | 6.75 | 0.004 | Rectus femoris | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 5.14 | 0.013 | Vastus medialis | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 4.99 | 0.014 | Vastus lateralis | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 3.2 ± 1.1 | 7.84 | 0.002 | Vastus internus | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 6.36 | 0.005 | Gluteus maximus | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 5.1 ± 2.6 | 9.7 ± 2.5 | 28.78 | <0.0001 | Gluteus medius | 3.8 ± 1.3 | 3.6 ± 1.6 | 8.5 ± 2.5 | 21.97 | <0.0001 | Gluteus minimus | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 1.9 ± 0.9 | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 21.59 | <0.0001 | Iliacus | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 0.40 | 0.67 | Adductor magnus | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 0.7 | 11.00 | <0.001 |
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