Wearable Sensors for Measuring Movement in Short Sessions of Mindfulness Sitting Meditation: A Pilot Study

<table class="table-group" id="tab6"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Seat</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 20.6902ptpx;"><svg height="12.0184pt" id="M26" style="vertical-align:-3.382501pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 20.6902 12.0184" width="20.6902pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M686 28C612 35 607 44 591 112C563 234 541 360 519 489L489 666L457 658L147 121C100 40 89 36 24 28L17 0H240L250 28C168 34 159 41 190 101L262 237H482C495 180 503 137 510 91C517 47 514 35 441 28L433 0H677L686 28ZM475 280H285L429 541H431L475 280Z" id="g113-66"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.244,3.132)"><path d="M545 403C545 425 527 451 498 451C448 451 400 404 312 286L290 341C262 412 246 451 219 451C182 451 138 404 92 345L112 323C152 368 169 378 181 378C192 378 201 359 216 321L257 214C184 115 142 69 113 69C102 69 93 73 88 79S78 89 68 89C47 89 24 61 24 40C24 8 49 -12 75 -12C125 -12 175 31 271 175L312 64C330 15 357 -12 382 -12C421 -12 475 35 515 98L496 121C466 88 439 62 420 62C402 62 384 92 363 147L325 247C349 280 374 309 397 333C422 361 446 381 462 381C471 381 481 374 488 366C493 360 499 357 505 357C521 357 545 380 545 403Z" id="g50-121"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,15.422,3.132)"><path d="M481 445L456 468C426 437 403 427 388 427C372 427 356 428 302 438C256 447 221 451 187 451C159 451 130 428 105 384C93 363 80 340 65 305L96 290C122 342 149 381 193 381C216 381 267 377 294 374S346 372 365 376L75 105C37 70 24 35 24 16C24 2 30 -5 35 -8C42 -8 46 -6 48 -2C58 14 75 35 90 41C102 46 116 46 147 32C200 8 267 -21 298 -21C347 -21 390 12 448 126L420 151C369 77 338 56 311 56C287 56 249 68 212 81C180 92 149 100 127 98C212 172 353 308 413 372L481 445Z" id="g50-123"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 20.7724ptpx;"><svg height="14.1649pt" id="M27" style="vertical-align:-5.529pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 20.7724 14.1649" width="20.7724pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M686 28C612 35 607 44 591 112C563 234 541 360 519 489L489 666L457 658L147 121C100 40 89 36 24 28L17 0H240L250 28C168 34 159 41 190 101L262 237H482C495 180 503 137 510 91C517 47 514 35 441 28L433 0H677L686 28ZM475 280H285L429 541H431L475 280Z" id="g113-66"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.244,3.132)"><path d="M545 403C545 425 527 451 498 451C448 451 400 404 312 286L290 341C262 412 246 451 219 451C182 451 138 404 92 345L112 323C152 368 169 378 181 378C192 378 201 359 216 321L257 214C184 115 142 69 113 69C102 69 93 73 88 79S78 89 68 89C47 89 24 61 24 40C24 8 49 -12 75 -12C125 -12 175 31 271 175L312 64C330 15 357 -12 382 -12C421 -12 475 35 515 98L496 121C466 88 439 62 420 62C402 62 384 92 363 147L325 247C349 280 374 309 397 333C422 361 446 381 462 381C471 381 481 374 488 366C493 360 499 357 505 357C521 357 545 380 545 403Z" id="g50-121"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,14.755,3.132)"><path d="M563 395C563 428 543 451 519 451C500 451 480 438 472 423C468 415 465 403 470 394C477 381 482 368 482 347C482 272 386 136 342 74H340C334 163 323 257 312 337C302 410 290 451 257 451C214 451 160 385 127 338L145 310C169 341 203 373 209 373C219 373 225 369 232 325C249 215 269 62 271 -15C220 -80 135 -165 18 -231L26 -257L142 -230C254 -105 279 -74 342 13C394 85 484 211 526 286C553 334 563 365 563 395Z" id="g50-122"></path></g></svg></span></td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Zafu</td><td class="align_center">6.78 (7.51)</td><td class="align_center">5.83 (5.11)</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Chair</td><td class="align_center">8.48 (8.62)</td><td class="align_center">10.01 (9.72)</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Meditation bench</td><td class="align_center">10.13 (12.92)</td><td class="align_center">9.18 (6.87)</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="3"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="table-fn"><td><div>Values are given as mean (SD).<br/></div></td></tr></table>

<div>Values obtained for each seat considering anterior-posterior and left-right sways (<svg height="12.0184pt" id="M24" style="vertical-align:-3.382501pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 20.6902 12.0184" width="20.6902pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M686 28C612 35 607 44 591 112C563 234 541 360 519 489L489 666L457 658L147 121C100 40 89 36 24 28L17 0H240L250 28C168 34 159 41 190 101L262 237H482C495 180 503 137 510 91C517 47 514 35 441 28L433 0H677L686 28ZM475 280H285L429 541H431L475 280Z" id="g113-66"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.244,3.132)"><path d="M545 403C545 425 527 451 498 451C448 451 400 404 312 286L290 341C262 412 246 451 219 451C182 451 138 404 92 345L112 323C152 368 169 378 181 378C192 378 201 359 216 321L257 214C184 115 142 69 113 69C102 69 93 73 88 79S78 89 68 89C47 89 24 61 24 40C24 8 49 -12 75 -12C125 -12 175 31 271 175L312 64C330 15 357 -12 382 -12C421 -12 475 35 515 98L496 121C466 88 439 62 420 62C402 62 384 92 363 147L325 247C349 280 374 309 397 333C422 361 446 381 462 381C471 381 481 374 488 366C493 360 499 357 505 357C521 357 545 380 545 403Z" id="g50-121"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,15.422,3.132)"><path d="M481 445L456 468C426 437 403 427 388 427C372 427 356 428 302 438C256 447 221 451 187 451C159 451 130 428 105 384C93 363 80 340 65 305L96 290C122 342 149 381 193 381C216 381 267 377 294 374S346 372 365 376L75 105C37 70 24 35 24 16C24 2 30 -5 35 -8C42 -8 46 -6 48 -2C58 14 75 35 90 41C102 46 116 46 147 32C200 8 267 -21 298 -21C347 -21 390 12 448 126L420 151C369 77 338 56 311 56C287 56 249 68 212 81C180 92 149 100 127 98C212 172 353 308 413 372L481 445Z" id="g50-123"></path></g></svg> and <svg height="14.1649pt" id="M25" style="vertical-align:-5.529pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 20.7724 14.1649" width="20.7724pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M686 28C612 35 607 44 591 112C563 234 541 360 519 489L489 666L457 658L147 121C100 40 89 36 24 28L17 0H240L250 28C168 34 159 41 190 101L262 237H482C495 180 503 137 510 91C517 47 514 35 441 28L433 0H677L686 28ZM475 280H285L429 541H431L475 280Z" id="g113-66"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.244,3.132)"><path d="M545 403C545 425 527 451 498 451C448 451 400 404 312 286L290 341C262 412 246 451 219 451C182 451 138 404 92 345L112 323C152 368 169 378 181 378C192 378 201 359 216 321L257 214C184 115 142 69 113 69C102 69 93 73 88 79S78 89 68 89C47 89 24 61 24 40C24 8 49 -12 75 -12C125 -12 175 31 271 175L312 64C330 15 357 -12 382 -12C421 -12 475 35 515 98L496 121C466 88 439 62 420 62C402 62 384 92 363 147L325 247C349 280 374 309 397 333C422 361 446 381 462 381C471 381 481 374 488 366C493 360 499 357 505 357C521 357 545 380 545 403Z" id="g50-121"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,14.755,3.132)"><path d="M563 395C563 428 543 451 519 451C500 451 480 438 472 423C468 415 465 403 470 394C477 381 482 368 482 347C482 272 386 136 342 74H340C334 163 323 257 312 337C302 410 290 451 257 451C214 451 160 385 127 338L145 310C169 341 203 373 209 373C219 373 225 369 232 325C249 215 269 62 271 -15C220 -80 135 -165 18 -231L26 -257L142 -230C254 -105 279 -74 342 13C394 85 484 211 526 286C553 334 563 365 563 395Z" id="g50-122"></path></g></svg> in degrees).</div>

Journal of Healthcare Engineering

tab6

Table 6

Table 6: Wearable Sensors for Measuring Movement in Short Sessions of Mindfulness Sitting Meditation: A Pilot Study 