Improving Accuracy of Lung Nodule Classification Using Deep Learning with Focal Loss

Table 4

Classification results of LdcNet compared with other works.

Work	# scans	Dataset	Consensus level	Performance (%)
				Accuracy	Sensitivity	Specificity
Proposed LdcNet-FL	888	LIDC/IDRI	≥3	97.2	96.0	97.3
Proposed LdcNet-CE	888	LIDC/IDRI	≥3	95.6	90.2	96.0
Li et al. [10]	1,010	LIDC/IDRI	≥1	86.4	87.1	—
Kuruvilla and Gunavathi [11]	155	LIDC/IDRI	≥2	93.3	91.4	100
Choi and Choi [12]	58	LIDC/IDRI	≥1	97.6	95.2	96.2