Smoking Is a Risk Factor of Coronary Heart Disease through HDL-C in Chinese T2DM Patients: A Mediation Analysis
Table 4
Effect of smoking exposure on fasting blood-glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), cholesterol (CHO), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and systolic pressure.
Model A
Model B
Model C
95% CI
95% CI
95% CI
CPD
β
Lower
Upper
Standard β
β
Lower
Upper
Standard β
β
Lower
Upper
Standard β
FBG
−0.026
−0.069
0.016
−0.074
0.220
−0.027
−0.067
0.014
−0.075
0.199
−0.026
−0.067
0.015
−0.073
0.209
HbA1c
0.000
−0.023
0.022
−0.002
0.976
0.000
−0.022
0.023
0.001
0.983
−0.001
−0.022
0.021
−0.004
0.951
CHO
−0.013
−0.028
0.002
−0.109
0.093
−0.013
−0.027
0.002
−0.108
0.092
−0.013
−0.028
0.001
−0.113
0.073
HDL-C
−0.006
−0.009
−0.004
−0.323
<0.001
−0.006
−0.008
−0.004
−0.316
<0.001
−0.006
−0.008
−0.004
−0.312
<0.001
Systolic pressure
0.044
−0.265
0.176
0.025
0.693
0.041
−0.255
0.174
0.023
0.711
0.031
−0.241
0.180
0.018
0.775
Time of smoking
FBG
−0.029
−0.069
0.011
−0.086
0.151
−0.013
−0.053
0.027
−0.039
0.516
−0.016
−0.056
0.024
−0.046
0.440
HbA1c
0.001
−0.019
0.022
0.009
0.889
0.006
−0.015
0.027
0.037
0.585
0.000
−0.021
0.020
−0.002
0.970
CHO
−0.011
−0.025
0.003
−0.103
0.112
−0.006
−0.020
0.008
−0.052
0.427
−0.008
−0.022
0.006
−0.070
0.282
HDL-C
−0.005
−0.007
−0.002
−0.245
<0.001
−0.004
−0.006
−0.002
−0.223
<0.001
−0.004
−0.007
−0.002
−0.231
<0.001
Systolic pressure
−0.006
−0.223
0.211
−0.003
0.958
−0.077
−0.293
0.138
−0.045
0.480
−0.052
−0.264
0.160
−0.030
0.631
Cumulative smoking
FBG
−0.020
−0.049
0.010
−0.078
0.194
−0.011
−0.040
0.018
−0.046
0.439
−0.011
−0.040
0.018
−0.043
0.467
HbA1c
−0.004
−0.019
0.012
−0.029
0.652
−0.002
−0.017
0.014
−0.013
0.843
−0.002
−0.017
0.013
−0.016
0.796
CHO
−0.009
−0.019
0.002
−0.105
0.105
−0.006
−0.016
0.004
−0.072
0.265
−0.006
−0.016
0.004
−0.077
0.230
HDL-C
−0.002
−0.005
0.000
−0.141
0.058
−0.002
−0.005
0.000
−0.134
0.059
−0.002
−0.005
0.000
−0.128
0.051
Systolic pressure
0.010
−0.144
0.163
0.008
0.901
0.019
−0.170
0.132
0.015
0.807
0.021
−0.169
0.126
0.018
0.776
Model A: crude model; Model B: adjusted for age, sex, occupation, and region; Model C: adjusted for age, sex, occupation, region, drinking, BMI, WC, and duration of diabetes; and CPD: cigarettes per day.
