Research Article

[Retracted] Research on the Application of Blockchain in Smart Healthcare: Constructing a Hierarchical Framework

Table 1

Proposed attributes.

AspectsCriteriaExplanation

External regulation (A1)Medical supply chain regulationThe regulation department supervises the drug and equipment supply chain through the blockchain
Medical process regulationRegulators monitor medical processes through the blockchain
Regulation of clinical waste treatment processThe medical waste disposal process is monitored by the regulatory authority through the blockchain

Medical record management (A2)Electronic medical recordUsing blockchain technology to share electronic medical records; customers have absolute ownership

Treatment optimization (A3)Targeted therapyUsing blockchain technology to share patient data; drug discovery agencies are licensed to target drugs
TelemedicineThe use of blockchain and Internet of Things and other technologies for telemedicine

Doctor management (A4)IdentificationUsing blockchain technology to build a verification platform, the doctor’s identity, and certificate for periodic verification
Personnel screeningUsing blockchain to collect and update the diagnosis results and correct rate of doctors in real time and to screen the excellent doctors
Customer choiceUsing blockchain to store the doctor’s identity information and treatment information; it is also helpful for customers to choose the right doctors

Medical insurance (A5)Maintenance of interestsInsurance companies, customers, and medical
Resource controlInstitutions through the blockchain intelligent contract insurance transactions to protect the interests of customers
Enhancing risk management capacityReduce the hospital’s unpaid bills

Internal regulation (A6)Regulation of drugs and medical equipmentUsing the blockchain to set up a tracking system; medical institutions can monitor the flow of drugs and medical equipment in real time

Cost saving (A7)Cost saving in doctor-patient communicationUsing blockchain to share electronic medical records and saving communication cost
Cost saving of drugs research and developmentData management system based on blockchain intelligent contract technology to reduce the management cost of multisite clinical trials

Top-level design (A8)Industry standardsIndustry associations establish industry standards
Credit rating systemAll nodes are rated by the industry consortia
Reward and punishment systemThe node that obeys a rule is given reward, and the node that does not obey a rule is given punishment

Community structure (A9)Health managementUsing blockchain to collect customer health data and create community health programs
Family sickbedUsing blockchain and Internet of Things technologies for remote monitoring and treatment at home
Hierarchical diagnosis and treatmentCommunity doctors perform primary care, analyzing the patient’s physical condition and deciding whether to go to a hospital

Environmental management (A10)Clinical waste treatmentThrough blockchain and Internet of Things technology to upload medical waste treatment data and improve treatment efficiency