Supply Chain Integration in the Manufacturing Firms in Developing Country: An Ethiopian Case Study

Table 3

Summary of firm and supplier integration.

Integration; firms	Supplier relationship
	Local			Foreign
	% share on raw material	Information exchange; (phone, fax, mobile, e-mail)	Purchasing activities	% share	Information exchange (phone, fax, mobile, e-mail)	Purchasing activities
A	65	Phone, letter	Direct in purchase	35	Telephone, e-mail	International bidding
B	—	—	—	25	Telephone, e-mail	Partner supplier
C	70	Phone, letter	Own site	30	Fax, e-mail	International tender
D	75	Performa, phone, letter	Direct purchase	25	Phone, e-mail	Through agents
E	95	Phone, letter	Direct negotiation with supplier	5	E-mail, fax, telephone	Central office handles the purchasing functions
F	95	Phone, letter	Direct negotiation with supplier	5	E-mail, fax, telephone	Central office handles the purchasing functions
G	95	Phone, letter	Direct purchase	5	E-mail, fax, telephone	Online bidding
H	95	Phone, letter	Sister Company	5	E-mail, fax, telephone	International tender
I	90	Phone, letter	Direct purchase	10	E-mail, fax, telephone	International tender