TNF, lymphotoxin (LT) and their receptors are expressed constitutively in the thymus. It
remains unclear whether these cytokines play a role in normal thymic structure or function.
We have investigated thymocyte differentiation, selection and thymic organogenesis in gene
targeted mice lacking LTα, TNF, or both (TNF/LTα-/-). The thymus was normal in
TNF/LTα-/- mice with regard to cell yields and stromal architecture. Detailed analysis of αβ
and γδ T cell-lineage thymocyte subsets revealed no abnormalities, implying that neither TNF
nor LT play an essential role in T cell differentiation or positive selection. The number and
distribution of thymic CD11c+ dendritic cells was also normal in the absence of both TNF and
LTα. A three-fold increase in B cell numbers was observed consistently in the TNF/LTα-/-
thymus. This phenotype was due entirely to the LTα deficiency and associated with changes
in the hemopoietic compartment, rather than the thymic stromal compartment of LTα-/- mice.
Finally, specific Vβ8+ T cell deletion within the thymus following intrathymic injection of
staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) was TNF/LT independent. Thus, despite the presence of
these cytokines and their receptors in the normal thymus, there appears no essential role for
either TNF or LT in development of organ structure or for those processes associated with T
cell repertoire selection.
