Regulation of Tumor Immunity by Tumor/Dendritic Cell Fusions
Figure 1
The role of helper T cells in tumor immunity. CD4+ T-helper cells play extensive roles and are able to interact with the tumor cell and immune effectors. Th1 cells secrete type I cytokines such as interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IFN-γ, resulting in the activation of DCs, which can stimulate CTLs. Tumor-specific Th1 cells regulate the survival and persistence of CD8 effector T cells as memory cells. Th2 cells secrete type II cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-10. Th2 cells can enhance the generation of humoral, antibody-based antitumor responses. Th17 cells secrete IL-17 elicit tissue inflammation implicated in autoimmunity. Inducible CD4 regulatory cells (iTreg) exhibit a strong immunosuppressive activity for antitumor immunity.
