Review Article

Challenges in Immunotherapy Presented by the Glioblastoma Multiforme Microenvironment

Table 4

Selected clinical trials using dendritic cells (DCs).

ReferencePatientsImmunologic responseClinical response

[155]
(GBM: 6, AA: 1)
Cytotixic and memory T cells found in recurrent tumor bulkMedian survival: 455 days
(Control group: 257 days)
[156]
(GBM: 7, Recurrent GBM: 5)
Cytotoxicity against autologous tumor cells. Cytotoxic T cells found in recurrent tumor bulk.Median TTP: 19.9 mo
( ),
Median survival: 35.8 mo
( )
[157]
EGFRvIII expressing GBM
82% of recurrent tumors lost EGFRvIII expressionMedian survival: 26 mo
( )
Others: [80, 84, 158173]