Research Article

Indirect Effects of Oral Tolerance Inhibit Pulmonary Granulomas to Schistosoma mansoni Eggs

Figure 7

Time course of serum cytokines after granuloma induction. IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-5 were measured using a Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) kit in serum samples collected from nonimmunized mice (granuloma group, open bars), OVA immune controls (hatched bars), and OVA-orally tolerant mice (black bars). Normal mice (doted bars) were not immunized with OVA and neither injected with eggs. The results are shown as mean concentrations ± SEM. nd: not detected. IL-2 and IL-4 were not detected.
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