Follicular Proinflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines as Markers of IVF Success

Table 2

Clinical and IVF treatment parameters of patient groups.

	Male factor infertility (𝑁=67)^a	Tubal factor infertility; (𝑁=44)	Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; (𝑁=8)	Endometriosis; (𝑁=23)	Unexplained infertility; (𝑁=7)	Other reasons; (𝑁=4)	Total; (𝑁=153)
Health parameters
Age (years^†)	32.6±4.3	34.7±5.0^b	34.8±3.2	31.8±3.9	32.7±2.9	36.0±5.9	33.3±4.5
Infertility^‡
Primary	42; (62.7%, 50.0–73.9)	15; (34.1%, 20.9–50.0)^c	6; (75.0%, 35.6–95.5)	18; (78.3%, 55.8–91.7)	6; (85.7%, 42.0–99.2)^c	2; (50.0%, 15.0–85.0)	89; (58.2%, 49.9–66.0)
Secondary	25; (37.3%, 26.1–50.0)	29; (65.9%, 50.0–79.1)^c	2; (25.0%, 4.5–64.4)	5; (21.7%, 8.3–44.2)	1; (14.3%, 0.8–58.0)	2; (50.0%, 15.0–85.0)	64; (41.9%, 34.0–50.0)
Parity (N^†)	0.3±0.5	0.5±0.7^b	0.3±0.5	0.1±0.3	0.1±0.4	0.5±0.6	0.3±0.6
S-FSH (U/L^†)	7.6±2.3	8.2±3.2	7.0±1.9	7.5±2.7	6.9±0.3	6.5±2.2	7.7±2.6
Smoking^‡
Never smoker	52; (78.8%, 66.7–87.5)	32; (76.2%, 60.2–87.4)	6; (75.0%, 35.6–95.5)	20; (87.0%, 65.3–96.6)	5; (71.4%, 30.3–94.9)	2; (66.7%, 12.5–98.2)	117; (77.5%, 69.8–83.7)
Past smoker	7; (10.6%, 4.7–21.2)	4; (9.5%, 3.1–23.51)	1; (12.5%, 0.7–53.3)	1; (4.3%, 0.2–24.0)^c	1; (14.3%, 0.8–58.0)	1; (33.3%, 1.8–87.5)^c	15; (9.9%, 5.9–16.1)
Current smoker	7; (10.6%, 4.7–21.2)	8; (19.0%, 9.1–34.6)	1; (12.5%, 0.7–53.3)	2; (8.7%, 1.5–29.5)	1; (14.3%, 0.8–58.0)	0	19; (12.6%, 7.9–19.2)
Treatment parameters^†
OPU S-E2 (pmol/L)	4497.1±7950.9	2978.0±1858.6	4195.5±3117.8	3259.7±1991.7	2960.0±1723.2	2164.8±1236.3	3711.8±5429.4
OPU S-progesterone (nmol/L)	36.0±22.5	26.1±16.7^b	34.2±16.2	35.9±17.0	40.3±19.2	33.5±26.9	33.3±19.9
Total dose of FSH (IU)	1992.0±704.0	2297.1±925.0	1743.8±525.6	1919.6±726.3	2142.9±574.2	2475.0±656.7	2073.9±702.8
Follicular diameter (mm)	21.4±2.9	21.5±3.3	21.7±2.0^b	19.9±2.0	20.3±1.6	19.3±1.1^b	21.1±2.9
Oocytes (N)	11.6±7.1	9.1±5.5^b	13.6±9.3	11.1±6.6	9.4±8.3	11.3±7.4	10.9±6.8
Mature oocytes (N)^d	9.2±6.0	6.9±4.5^b	9.0±7.8	9.6±5.3	7.7±6.8	8.5±6.1	8.4±5.7
2 PN-stage oocytes (N)	6.6±5.0	4.6±3.0^b	6.0±6.2	6.3±4.0	4.7±3.7	3.8±4.1	5.8±4.3
Good-quality embryos (N)^e	3.8±3.6	2.9±2.3	2.9±2.9	3.6±3.1	2.4±2.6	1.0±2.0	3.3±3.1
Rate of quality embryos (%)^f	57.3±30.0	56.4±32.3	46.3±38.4	52.9±32.7	51.7±33.6	14.8±25.6	54.8±31.6
Transferred embryos (N)	1.8±0.5	1.8±0.7	1.4±0.7	1.9±0.5	1.6±0.8	1.3±1.0	1.8±0.6
Status of pregnancy^‡
hCG negative	44; (65.7%, 53.0–76.6)	29; (65.9%, 50.0–79.1)	6; (75.0%, 35.6–95.6)	16; (69.6%, 47.0–85.9)	5; (71.4%, 30.3–94.9)	3; (75.0%, 21.9–98.7)	103; (67.3%, 59.2–74.5)
Intrauterine	17; (25.4%, 15.9–37.7)	11; (25.0%, 13.7–40.6)	2; (25.0%, 4.5–64.4)	5; (21.7%, 8.3–44.2)	2; (28.6%, 5.1–69.7)	1; (25.0%, 1.3–78.1)	38; (24.8%, 18.4–32.6)
Biochemical	5; (7.5%, 2.8–17.3)	4; (9.1%, 3.0–22.6)	0	2; (8.7%, 1.5–29.5)	0	0	11; (7.2%, 3.8–12.8)
No ultrasound performed	1; (1.5%, 0.1–9.1)	0	0	0	0	0	1; (0.7%, 0.0–4.1)
Fetuses (N^†)	0.3±0.6	0.4±0.7	0.3±0.5	0.3±0.6	0.3±0.5	0.3±0.5	0.3±0.6

^†Continuous variables are provided as mean ± standard deviation. ^‡Categorical variables are provided as absolute numbers (percentage, 95% confidence interval of percentage). Differences between study groups: ^aReference group; ^b𝑡-test, 𝑃<0.05; ^cProportion test, 𝑃<0.05. Associations between different parameters assessed by adjusted regression models are provided in the text. ^dNumber of oocytes which reached meiosis II stage at 4–6 h after oocyte retrieval. ^eNumber of embryos with at least four blastomeres and <20% fragmentation on the second day after-ICSI. ^fThe proportion (%) of good-quality embryos obtained from all 2PN fertilized oocytes. Abbreviations: hCG: human chorionic gonadotrophin; ICSI: intracytoplasmic sperm injection; OPU: oocyte pick-up day; PN: pronucleus; S-E2: serum estradiol; S-FSH: serum follicle-stimulating hormone.