A Systematic Review of the Epidemiology, Immunopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Pleural TB in HIV- Infected Patients

Table 3

Reported yields of different tests in HIV-infected patients with pleural TB.

Study and year	Pleural fluid smear	*Pleural fluid culture	Pleural biopsy smear	*Pleural biopsy culture	Pleural biopsy histology	Sputum culture
Elliott al. 1993 [11]	0%	26%	NR	11%	52%	NR
Richter et al. 1994 [18]	6%	43%	20%	35%	86%	NR
Luzze et al. 2001 [15]	NR	43%	NR	NR	57%	NR
Conde et al. 2003 [26]	8%	15%	38%	77%	92%	77%
Hirsch et al. 2001 [27]	NR	87%	NR	NR	NR	NR
Kitinya et al. 1993 [35]	5%	5%	14%	14%	NR	NR
Heyderman et al. 1998 [13]	18%	NR	19%	42%	60%	NR

*Reported yields of cultures using Löwenstein-Jensen medium.
NR: not referred for test.