Research Article
Familial Aggregation of High Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Levels in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
| | | SLE patients | Unrelated controls |
| | Age (yrs.) | 40.8 | 45.6 | | Female gender | 87.9 | 90.3 | | African-American | 31.8 | 39.2 | | European-American | 41.7 | 43.6 | | Hispanic-American | 26.5 | 15.4 | | Malar rash | 57.7 | — | | Discoid rash | 8.3 | — | | Photosensitivity | 43.5 | — | | Oral ulcer | 31.0 | — | | Arthritis | 75.0 | — | | Serositis | 33.3 | — | | Renal d/o | 42.9 | — | | Neuro d/o | 13.7 | — | | Heme d/o | 60.1 | — | | Immuno d/o | 73.8 | — | | ANA | 100.0 | — | | Anti-Ro | 28.7 | — | | Anti-La | 8.9 | — | | Anti-Sm | 12.7 | — | | Anti-RNP | 24.1 | — | | Anti-dsDNA | 46.1 | — |
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