Involvement of the Circadian Rhythm and Inflammatory Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Table 1

Effect of TNF-𝛼 on the expression of clock genes in mouse NIH3T3, human OA-FLS, RA-FLS, and THP-1 cell line*.

Clock gene	Mouse	Human
		Fibroblast		Monocyte
	NIH3T3	OA-FLS	RA-FLS	THP-1
Bmal1	Not affected	—	Up	Up
Clock	Slightly up	—	Slightly up	Not affected
Per1	Down (early~3 h: up)	Not affected	Slightly up	Slightly up
Per2	Down	—	Down	Down
Per3	Down	Down	—	—
Cry1	Up	—	Up	Down
Cry2	Slightly down	—	Not affected	Up
Dbp	Down	Down	Down	—
Tef	Down	—	Down	—
Hlf	Down	—	Down	—
E4BP4	—	—	Up	—
𝑅𝑒𝑣-𝑒𝑟𝑏𝛼	Slightly up	—	—	Down

∗Based on results of the refer 49–53. — denotes no data. OA-FLS: osteoarthritis fibroblast-like synovial cells. RA-FLS: rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synovial cells.