Asian Dust Particles Induce Macrophage Inflammatory Responses via Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation and Reactive Oxygen Species Production
Figure 3
Cytochalasin D inhibited Asian dust particles-induced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production in RAW264.7 cells. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated for 30 min with Cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of phagocytosis, and then treated for 6 h with 100 μg/mL of Asian dust particles (ADP1 or ADP2) or 1.5 μg/mL of LPS. Dimethyl sulfoxide (0.1%) vehicle was used as control (Cont.). The level of TNF-α in culture supernatants was assessed by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results are expressed as mean ± SD; ; ; N.D., not detected.
