Research Progress on Regulatory T Cells in Acute Kidney Injury

Figure 1

The mechanisms by which Tregs suppress the immune response. The main mechanisms include those that target Foxp3⁻T cells (cell cycle arrest, IL-2 consumption, apoptosis, and cytolysis) and those that primarily target dendritic cells (decreased costimulation or decreased antigen presentation).

(a) Suppress responder Foxp3⁻T cells

(b) Decrease costimulation

(c) Decrease antigen presentation