Modulation of Immune Response by Organophosphorus Pesticides: Fishes as a Potential Model in Immunotoxicology

Figure 1

Mechanisms of immunotoxicity of OPs. The potential immunotoxicity mechanisms could involve effect directly on immune cells or through neuroimmune communication disturbance. AcCoA: acetyl-coenzyme A; ACh: acetylcholine; AChE: acetylcholinesterase; ChAT: acetylcholine transferase; CYP450: Cytochrome P450; DAPS: dialkylphosphates; mAChR: muscarinic acetylcholine receptor; nAChR: nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; OPs: organophosphorus pesticides; oxon: oxidized metabolite of OPs; PON: paraoxonase.