Immunoregulation by Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Biological Aspects and Clinical Applications

Table 2

Comparison of in vitro immunoregulatory effects of human MSCs from different sources on T cells.

Sources of MSC	Source of T cells and activation	Immunoregulation	Reference
Bone marrow; placenta	PBMC or mononuclear cells from umbilical cord blood activated with PHA or alloantigens	Similar immunoregulatory capacity	[105]
Bone marrow; placenta	PBMC activated with PHA or alloantigens	MSCs from placenta have a higher immunoregulatory capacity than those from bone marrow	[76, 97]
Bone marrow; adipose tissue	PBMC activated with alloantigens	Similar immunoregulatory capacity	[106]
Bone marrow; adipose tissue; umbilical cord blood; Wharton’s jelly	PBMC activated with PHA	Similar immunoregulatory capacity	[101]
Bone marrow; umbilical cord	T cells activated with alloantigens	Similar immunoregulatory capacity	[34]
Bone marrow; Wharton’s jelly	PBMC activated with PHA; PBMC activated with alloantigen	Similar immunoregulatory capacity; WJ-MSCs are more potent in suppressing PBMC proliferation than BM	[104]
Bone marrow; placenta	CD3^+ or CD4^+ T cells activated with PHA or anti-CD3/CD28	MSCs from bone marrow have a higher immunoregulatory capacity than those from the placenta	[107]
Bone marrow; adipose tissue; Wharton’s jelly	CD3^+ T cells activated with PHA or alloantigens	Similar immunoregulatory capacity	[8]
Bone marrow; term fetal membrane; umbilical cord; placental villi	PBMC activated with alloantigens; CD3^+ T cells activated with anti-CD3/CD28	MSC from fetal membranes and umbilical cord are immunoregulators. Inconsistent results are observed in MSC from placenta	[108]
Placenta; bone marrow; adipose tissue	Mononuclear cells from umbilical cord blood activated with anti-CD3/CD28	Similar immunoregulatory capacity	[109]
Bone marrow; umbilical cord; Wharton’s jelly; placenta; amnion	PBMC activated with alloantigens	Five sources have similar immunoregulatory capacity	[110]
Bone marrow; adipose tissue	PBMC proliferation activated with anti-CD3/CD28	AT-MSCs are more potent in suppressing PBMC proliferation	[111]
Bone marrow; adipose tissue	PBMC activated with anti-CD3/CD28	Similar immunoregulatory capacity	[103]
Bone marrow; adipose tissue; umbilical cord; matrix	PBMC activated with PHA	MSCs from adipose tissue have a higher immunoregulatory capacity than those from the UCB or BM	[102]
Bone marrow; umbilical cord blood; placenta	CD3^+ T cells activated with anti-CD3/CD28	MSCs from placenta have less immunoregulatory capacity than those from umbilical cord blood or bone marrow	[24]
Bone marrow; adipose tissue; Wharton’s jelly; placenta	T cells activated with PHA/IL-2	MSCs from three sources have a higher immunoregulatory capacity than those from BM. WJ-MSCs have the best immunoregulatory capacity	[99]