The Role of Aggregates of Therapeutic Protein Products in Immunogenicity: An Evaluation by Mathematical Modeling

Figure 1

Schematic overview of aggregate-induced T cell-independent and T cell-dependent antibody responses. (a) In the T cell-independent pathway aggregates of TPP cross-link BCRs and activate B cells, which differentiate into short-lived plasma cells that generate antigen-specific IgM pentamers. (b) In the T cell-dependent pathway both aggregated and nonaggregated TPP can be captured by B cells or by APC which present TPP-derived epitopes to activate T cells, which in turn activate antigen-primed B cells. The activated B cells differentiate into long-lived plasma cells that generate isotype-switched IgG.

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