Innate Immune Memory: The Latest Frontier of Adjuvanticity

Table 1

Innate memory versus adaptive memory.

Innate memory		Adaptive memory
Organisms	Plants, invertebrates, vertebrates	Higher vertebrates
Cell types	NK cells, monocytes, macrophages	B and T lymphocytes
Mechanisms	Functional re-programming (e.g., epigenetic modification)	Antigen-specific antibodies and receptors after gene rearrangement
Duration	Medium- to long-term (?)	Long-term
Specificity	No (?)	Yes
Protection	Broad	Limited, highly specific