|
| Mediator | Target Cells | Modulation | Reference |
|
| Inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) | T cells | Inhibition of proliferation induced by anti-CD3 antibody | [28] |
|
| Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) | T cells | Inhibition of proliferation induced by anti-CD3 antibody | [29] |
|
| Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) | T cells | Inhibition of proliferation induced by anti-CD3 antibody | [30–33] |
|
| B7-H4 (Negative co-stimulatory molecule) | CTLs | Induces cell cycle arrest | [34, 35] |
|
| Fas ligand (Fas L) | T cells | Transient T cell apoptosis | [36] |
|
| TGF-β, human leukocyte antigen-G5 (HLA-G5), Notch1 ligands, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) | CD4+ T cells | Induction of Treg phenotype | [31, 37–41] |
|
| Chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6), and CD39 | Th17 cells | Induction of Treg phenotype | [42–44] |
|
| ICAM-1, VCAM-1 | T cells | Inhibition of proliferation through cell-cell contact | [45] |
|
| EP4 receptor, PD-L1, IL-10 | T cells | Inhibition of Th17 differentiation | [32, 46, 47] |
|
| Galectins | T cells | Inhibition of proliferation | [48–50] |
|
| Indoleamine dioxygenase (IDO) | Human T cells | Inhibition of proliferation | [51–53] |
|
| MMP-2, MMP-9 | Activated T cells | Cleavage of IL-2 receptor (CD25) on T cell surface leading to inhibition of proliferation | [54] |
|
