Immune Homeostasis in Epithelial Cells: Evidence and Role of Inflammasome Signaling Reviewed

Figure 1

Schematic representation of all intracellular nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain receptors, in short NOD-like receptor (NLR), and pyrin and HIN200 domain-containing (PYHIN) inflammasome members, which are each able to assemble with the protease caspase-1 via the adaptor molecule apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) when triggered. This allows the activated enzyme to cleave and mature proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, and IL-18 as well as inducing the unconventional release of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1).