The Role of Interleukin-23 in the Early Development of Emphysema in HIV1⁺ Smokers

Table 1

Study population and alveolar macrophage samples.

Parameter	Healthy HIV1^− nonsmoker	HIV1^+ nonsmoker	Healthy HIV1^− smoker	HIV1^− smoker with low DLCO	HIV1^+ smoker with low DLCO
	6	4	7	6	4
Gender (male/female)	5/1	2/2	3/4	6/0	2/2
Age (yr)	41 ± 2	44 ± 6	44 ± 2	47 ± 2	46 ± 1
Race (B/W/O)	4/1/1	2/1/1	3/2/2	6/0/0	4/0/0
Smoking history (pack-yr)	0	0	31 ± 8	48 ± 9	27 ± 7
Urine nicotine (ng/mL)	Negative	Negative	1328 ± 623	1817 ± 566	813 ± 307
Urine cotinine (ng/mL)	Negative	Negative	973 ± 273	1277 ± 438	1419 ± 561
Blood carboxyhemoglobin (%)	0.5 ± 0.4	0	2.6 ± 1.5	1.2 ± 0.3	2.0 ± 0.8
Pulmonary function parameters
FVC	103 ± 3	104 ± 11	110 ± 5	108 ± 5	103 ± 7
FEV1	107 ± 2	105 ± 11	106 ± 6	108 ± 2	115 ± 8
FEV1/FVC	85 ± 1	83 ± 2	80 ± 2	80 ± 2	83 ± 2
TLC	91 ± 4	102 ± 9	95 ± 3	88 ± 3	90 ± 6
DLCO	92 ± 5	91 ± 3	99 ± 5	68 ± 4	69 ± 5
BAL cells
Total number recovered (×10^7)	2.1 ± 0.4	3.3 ± 0.8	2.9 ± 1.0	3.3 ± 0.8	3.7 ± 0.9
% viability	92.0 ± 2.0	80.4 ± 8.6	95.3 ± 1.0	93.1 ± 1.5	87.3 ± 3.5
% lymphocytes	5.5 ± 1.3	6.9 ± 2.4	2.6 ± 0.6	2.3 ± 0.5	13.0 ± 5.2
% alveolar macrophages	91.7 ± 1.7	89.8 ± 2.9	94.6 ± 1.2	97.2 ± 0.8	87.5 ± 4.0
% polymorphonuclear cells	1.0 ± 0.3	1.7 ± 0.7	1.2 ± 0.6	0.5 ± 0.2	0.5 ± 0.2
% epithelial cells	0.8 ± 0.5	1.7 ± 0.3	0.3 ± 0.32	0.3 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 0.4

Demographic characteristics of subjects; bronchoalveolar lavage cell differentials represent the samples used to obtain the data; all data are mean ± standard error.
B = black; W = white; O = other.
Urine nicotine and cotinine > 200 = active smoker, 50–200 = passive smoker; <50 nonsmoker; data represent the mean of two determinations on the days of screening and bronchoscopy.
Blood carboxyhemoglobin is a secondary marker of current smoking status; nonsmokers < 1.5%.
Pulmonary function parameters included: FVC, forced vital capacity (% predicted); FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec; FEV1/FVC (% observed); TLC, total capacity (% predicted); DLCO, diffusion capacity (% predicted).
BAL = bronchoalveolar lavage; shown is the cell differential prior to alveolar macrophage purification.
Individual plasma HIV1 viral loads: <50 (); 16,000; unknown (). Individual CD4 count: 700; 696; 450; unknown ().
Individual plasma HIV1 viral loads: <50 (); 8000; unknown (). Individual CD4 count: 384; 1070; 494; unknown ().