Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified T Cells for Solid Tumors: Challenges and Prospects

Table 1

Recent published clinical studies on CART cells specific for solid tumor antigens.

Antigen	CAR	Gene transfer	Cancer	Case number	Clinical outcome	Time	Reference
HER2	ScFv-CD28-CD3ζ	Retrovirus	HER2-positive sarcoma	19	1 PR, 4 SD	2015	[15]
CEA	ScFv-CD28-CD3ζ	Retrovirus	CEA+ liver metastases	8	1 SD, 5 DOD	2015	[17]
Mesothelin	ScFv-4-1BB-TCRζ	Electrotransfer	Mesothelioma	2	1 PR, 1 SD	2014	[14]
Mesothelin	ScFv-4-1BB-TCRζ	Electrotransfer	Mesothelioma	1	1 PR	2013	[16]
CAIX	ScFv-FcεRIγ	Retrovirus	CAIX+ metastatic RCC	12	NED	2013	[8]
GD2	ScFv-CD3ζ	Retrovirus	Neuroblastoma	19	3 CR, 1 PR	2011	[5]
ERBB2	ScFv-CD28-4-1BB-CD3ζ	Gamma-retrovirus	Colon cancer	1	Dead	2010	[13]
GD2	ScFv-CD3ζ	Retrovirus	Neuroblastoma	11	1 CR, 2 SD, 2 tumor necrosis	2008	[12]
CD171	ScFv-CD3ζ	Electrotransfer	Neuroblastoma	10	1 PR	2007	[9]
FR	ScFv-FcεRIγ	Retrovirus	Ovarian cancer	8	NED	2006	[11]
CAIX	ScFv-FcεRIγ	Retrovirus	CAIX+ metastatic RCC	3	NED	2006	[7]

CAIX: carboxy-anhydrase-IX; CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen; CR: complete response; DOD: dead of disease; FR: folate receptor; HER2: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; NED: no evidence of disease; PR: partial response; RCC: renal cell carcinoma; ScFv: single chain fragment of variable region antibody; SD: stable disease.
HER2/neu.