Gq-Coupled Receptors in Autoimmunity

Table 1

Gq-coupled GPCRs in autoimmunity.

Type	AID	Cell type	Disease model	Function in general	References
GnRHR	SLE	Lymphocytes; Mononuclear cells; Cancer cells	Lupus-prone mice	Through high level of GnRH stimulates the expression of hormone-GqPCR and the interleukin- (IL-) 2 receptor, the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes, and the elevation of serum IgG levels	[23, 26–29]
mER	SLE	T/B lymphocytes	Lupus patients	Amplify T/B-cell interactions, B-cell activation, and autoantibody production	[30, 31]
Chemokine receptor	SLE; RA; SS	T lymphocytes; DCs; Monocytes; Neutrophils; (CD38-dependent)	Gnq−/− mice	() Compete with T-cell receptor stop signals and determine the duration of T-cell-APC interactions, form more stable conjugates, and enhance proliferation and cytokine production; () DCs and monocytes’ migration to inflammatory sites and lymph nodes	[15, 19–21, 32, 38, 42, 48]
AT(1)R	Autoimmune-regulated cardiomyopathy and HTN	T lymphocytes	Gq TG mice	Unbalance between T-cell-induced inflammation and T-cell suppressor responses for the regulation of pathological process	[43, 44]
α1-AR	HTN	Lymphocytes	HTN patients	High levels of autoantibodies against the second extracellular loop of α1-adrenoceptor (α1-AR) in patients with hypertension	[11, 45, 46]

AID: autoimmune disease; HTN: hypertension; APC: antigen-presenting cell.