Overview of Celiac Disease in Russia: Regional Data and Estimated Prevalence

Table 1

CD screening (in patients with manifestation of clinical symptoms).

	Serology	Endoscopy of duodenum (mucosal morphologic )	Genotype (genetic markers)
	IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (IgA anti-tTG, IgG anti-tTG antibodies)	Mucous membrane thickness	HLA-typing
	Anti-endomysial antibodies (AEA, IgA-anti-EMA)	Villus height
	Anti-deamidated gliadin peptide (IgA anti-DGP, IgG anti-DGP)	Crypt depth
		Crypt-villus ratio
Limitations	Specificity and sensitivity of test method; the active period of the disease; long-term gluten-free diet	Similar histological pattern of some other diseases; long-term gluten-free diet	—

studies described in the current review still used outdated methodology for the serologic detection of IgA anti-gliadin antibodies (IgA AGA, IgG AGA).
criteria are particularly used for the diagnosis of CD, according to Marsh-Oberhuber classification [23].