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Source, nature, and functions | Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) | TFL-006 and TFL-007 |
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Manufacturer | Several pharmaceutical firms | Terasaki Foundation Laboratory |
Source | Purified from pooled plasma of 10,000 blood donors from humans in various countries | Immunized in mice with heavy chain of HLA-ER107 [45, 46] |
Murine (to be adapted for human use), not humanized |
Nature of antibody | Human, polyclonal IgG with trace level of IgA | Murine, ascites purified monoclonal IgG |
Subclass of IgG antibodies | IgG1, IgG2a, IgG3, IgG4 | IgG2a only [45, 46] |
Purity | Contains soluble HLA antigens and other non-IgG proteins, cytokines, and chemokines | 100% purified protein of IgG2a [45, 46] |
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Antibody reactivity | HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-Cw, HLA-E, HLA-F, HLA-G | HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-Cw, HLA-E, HLA-F, HLA-G [45, 46] |
HLA-DR, HLA-DQA/DQB, HLA-DPA/DPB | None |
Fc-receptors: FcγI, FcγII, FcγIII, FcγIV (tested) [98] | FcgII (anticipated) |
Blood groups A, B, Rh [99–101] | Not applicable |
Escherichia coli bacterial antigens ranging from 94 to 238 | Not applicable |
Antigens by different preparations of IVIg [102] | Not applicable |
Human albumin [46, 80] | Not applicable |
Phospholipids [100] | Not applicable |
Stabilizer | Many | None |
Protein concentration | Highly variable from 2 to 12% | Protein concentration can be adjusted to requirement |
CD4+ T cell suppression | PHA or cytokine activated T cells [35, 36] by apoptosis [38] | PHA-activated T cells [47] |
By nonapoptosis (necrosis) [41], | |
CD8+ T cell proliferation | PHA-activated [36] | PHA-activated T cells [47] |
B cell proliferation | Induce differentiation [42] | |
No effect on proliferation [43] | |
Anti-HLA antibody suppression | PRA antibody reduction [44] | Reduction in the production of anti-HLA-I and anti-HLA-II IgG [48] |
Induce antibody secretion [42, 48] | |
Suppress selected HLA-II antibody production [48] | Suppress production of all HLA-II antibodies [48] |
Promote selected HLA-II antibody production [48] | |
Expansion of Tregs | Promotes upregulation of Tregs [39] | Promotes upregulation of Tregs [M. Taniguchi and M. H. Ravindranath, manuscript in preparation] to distinguish β2-microglobulin-associated HC of HLA-Ia from β2-microglobulin-free HC of HLA-Ia coated on Luminex single-antigen beads (One Lamda/Thermofisher Inc) [91, 92] |
Special application | |
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