Immunomodulatory Effects of Taiwanese Neolitsea Species on Th1 and Th2 Functionality

Figure 3

The effects of leaf extracts of N. aciculata var. variabillima on T-cell functionality. The enriched CD4 T cells (5 × 10⁵ cells/mL) were stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 (1 μg/mL) in the absence or in the presence of the leaf extracts of N. aciculata var. variabillima (5–25 μg/mL) for 48 h. (a)–(d) The concentration of IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-4, and IL-17 in the supernatants was measured by ELISA. Data were expressed as the mean ± SE of quadruplicate cultures. was significant compared to the VH group. (e) The representative histogram of intracellular cytokine staining. Total percentage and the level of mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of IFN-γ⁺ and IL-4⁺ cells in CD4⁺ T cells were shown. Results were representative of two independent experiments.

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