Ethyl Caffeate Ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Suppressing Th1 Immune Response

Figure 2

ECF attenuates collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice. Collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice was established via immunization twice with bovine collagen II in CFA. Mice were administered o.p. with vehicle, methotrexate (2 mg/kg), or ECF (50 mg/kg) once daily, starting from day 9 for 10 days. The severity of arthritis (a) and pathological changes to the joints (b) were evaluated using a clinical scoring system and H&E staining, respectively. Results presented are mean ± s.e.m., . , versus vehicle group. IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-4.

(a)

(b)